SynthesisPsychonomic bulletin & review2018
Retest effects in working memory capacity tests: A meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Psychonomic bulletin & review, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of HEPA filtration air purifiers on cognitive function from a secondary outcome analysis of a pragmatic randomized crossover trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Learning to manage tracheostomy-related emergencies: a pilot study comparing three teaching strategies for junior doctors in intensive care.BMC medical education · 2026Trial
- Practice improves older adults' attentional control and prospective memory more than HD-tDCS: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Promoting Successful Cognitive Aging Through Observational Drawing: A Feasibility Study.Research on agingTrial
- A comprehensive psychometrics of cognitive ability measures: Reliability, practice effects, and the stability of latent factor structures across retesting.Behavior research methods · 2026Article
- Toward Measuring Cognitive Endurance Capacity: A Proof-of-Principle Study in a Healthy Population.Journal of occupational rehabilitation · 2026Article
- A Longitudinal Study of Adolescent-to-Young Adult Executive Function Development in Seven Countries.Developmental science · 2025Article
- Brief international cognitive assessment for MS (BICAMS) and NEDA maintenance in MS patients: A 2-year follow-up longitudinal study.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Uncovering the relationship between working memory and performance in the Jigsaw classroom.PloS one · 2025Article
- Reliability of the serial reaction time task: If at first you don't succeed, try, try, try again.Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006) · 2024Article
- OpenWMB: An open-source and automated working memory task battery for OpenSesame.Behavior research methods · 2024Article
- A randomised crossover trial of nitrate and breakfast on prefrontal cognitive and haemodynamic response functions.NPJ science of food · 2024Article
- The 7-year follow-up of the Hungarian BICAMS validation cohort implies that cognitive performance may improve in multiple sclerosis patients.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Impact of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Cognitive and Psychiatric Dysfunction in Patients with Fibromyalgia: A Double-Blinded, Randomized Clinical Trial.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Highly sensitive blood-based biomarkers detection of beta-amyloid and phosphorylated-tau181 for Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Cognotoxemia: endotoxemia and gender predict changes in working memory performance in healthy adults.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- The Impact of Post-Stroke Depressive Symptoms on Cognitive Performance in Women and in Men: A 4 Month Prospective Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The reliability of the serial reaction time task: meta-analysis of test-retest correlations.Royal Society open science · 2023Article
- Article
- The clinical and neurocognitive functional changes with awake brain mapping for gliomas invading eloquent areas: Institutional experience and the utility of The Montreal Cognitive Assessment.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The repeated administration of working memory capacity tests is common in clinical and research settings. For cognitive ability tests and different neuropsychological tests, meta-analyses have shown that they are prone to retest effects, which have to be accounted for when interpreting retest scores. Using a multilevel approach, this meta-analysis aims at showing the reproducibility of retest effects in working memory capacity tests for up to seven test administrations, and examines the impact of the length of the test-retest interval, test modality, equivalence of test forms and participant age on the size of retest effects. Furthermore, it is assessed whether the size of retest effects depends on the test paradigm. An extensive literature search revealed 234 effect sizes from 95 samples and 68 studies, in which healthy participants between 12 and 70 years repeatedly performed a working memory capacity test. Results yield a weighted average of g = 0.28 for retest effects from the first to the second test administration, and a significant increase in effect sizes was observed up to the fourth test administration. The length of the test-retest interval and publication year were found to moderate the size of retest effects. Retest effects differed between the paradigms of working memory capacity tests. These findings call for the development and use of appropriate experimental or statistical methods to address retest effects in working memory capacity tests.
Indexed as
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.