ArticleNature communications2018
Efficient RNA drug delivery using red blood cell extracellular vesicles.
Article in Nature communications, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 377 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
377 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 633 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Pooled it
- Encapsulation and assessment of therapeutic cargo in engineered exosomes: a systematic review.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Pooled it
- From Cell-Derived Vesicles to Hybrid Nanovectors: Biological Membranes as Functional Blueprints for Gene Delivery.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles in targeted drug delivery: from biological functions to surface engineering.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles for next-gen therapeutics and drug delivery.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- MSC EVs Deliver miRNAs into Cardiomyocytes via EIPA-Sensitive and Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Recent Advances in Non-Viral Vectors for Gene Therapy and Gene Delivery: From Lipid Nanoparticles to Engineered Extracellular Vesicles.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Maternal obesity programs offspring metabolic dysfunction via small extracellular vesicle-mediated epigenetic remodeling.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Disease: Intercellular Signaling, Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Translation.Circulation research · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles as Master Regulators of Immune Modulation in Multiple Myeloma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Engineered Red Blood Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles With Klotho Peptide Protect the Kidney From Fibrosis.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- Brain targeting and trafficking of extracellular vesicles in central nervous system diseases: a therapeutic roadmap.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles in solid tumors: from tumor ecology to engineered therapeutics.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- A self-amplifying RNA vector based on rubella virus for mRNA therapeutics and vaccine applications.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Red blood cell-derived extracellular vesicles enable cisplatin and cetuximab combined therapy against triple-negative breast cancer.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Target therapeutic exploitation of engineered exosome-mediated delivery of ncRNAs in cancer.Cancer gene therapy · 2026Review
- Engineered extracellular vesicles for combinatorial cancer therapy and imaging.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- From Donation to Innovation: New Blood-Derived Products.Transfusion medicine and hemotherapy : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie · 2026Review
- Engineered small extracellular vesicles as bioactive materials: Integrating engineering strategies for cargo loading and targeted delivery systems.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Biology and therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicle targeting and uptake.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Review
317 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Most of the current methods for programmable RNA drug therapies are unsuitable for the clinic due to low uptake efficiency and high cytotoxicity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) could solve these problems because they represent a natural mode of intercellular communication. However, current cellular sources for EV production are limited in availability and safety in terms of horizontal gene transfer. One potentially ideal source could be human red blood cells (RBCs). Group O-RBCs can be used as universal donors for large-scale EV production since they are readily available in blood banks and they are devoid of DNA. Here, we describe and validate a new strategy to generate large-scale amounts of RBC-derived EVs for the delivery of RNA drugs, including antisense oligonucleotides, Cas9 mRNA, and guide RNAs. RNA drug delivery with RBCEVs shows highly robust microRNA inhibition and CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in both human cells and xenograft mouse models, with no observable cytotoxicity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.