ReviewNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2018
Estrogen, migraine, and vascular risk.
Review in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential Pleiotropic Genes and Shared Biological Pathways in Epilepsy and Depression Based on GWAS Summary Statistics.Computational intelligence and neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Giving Researchers a Headache - Sex and Gender Differences in Migraine.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Evaluate the Recovery Effects of Cerebral Nerve Function in Comprehensive Treatment of Poststroke Depression by Intelligent Algorithm-Based Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy.Computational intelligence and neuroscience · 2022Trial
- Phase-specific sequential press-needle therapy for menstrual migraine: a randomized trial protocol.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- A cell and transcriptome atlas of human arterial vasculature.Cell genomics · 2025Article
- Association of migraine and vasomotor symptom severity and duration among naturally menopausal women in Nurses' Health Study II.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- The 2025 Menopausal Hormone Therapy Guidelines - Korean Society of Menopause.Journal of menopausal medicine · 2025Review
- From Headache to Heart Health: Investigating the Migraine-Cardiovascular Disease Connection.Neurology and therapy · 2025Review
- Investigating Modifiable Risk Factors Across Dementia Subtypes: Insights from the UK Biobank.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Vascular Diseases in Women: Do Women Suffer from Them Differently?Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Migraine and risk of premature myocardial infarction and stroke among men and women: A Danish population-based cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2023Article
- Short-term environmental nitrogen dioxide exposure and neurology clinic visits for headaches, a time-series study in Wuhan, China.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Association of Migraine and Vasomotor Symptoms.Mayo Clinic proceedings · 2023Article
- Review
- Strategies for Maintaining Brain Health: The Role of Stroke Risk Factors Unique to Elderly Women.Stroke · 2022Review
- Role of Estrogens in Menstrual Migraine.Cells · 2022Review
- The Inverse Correlation of Isoflavone Dietary Intake and Headache in Peri- and Post-Menopausal Women.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Is there any association between migraine headache and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? A review article.Molecular biology reports · 2022Review
- New onset headache during delivery and postpartum: Clinical characteristics of a case series.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Mediating effects of sleep duration on the association between natural menopause and stroke risk among Chinese women.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Migraine has a predilection for female sex and the course of symptoms is influenced by life stage (presence of menstrual cycle, pregnancy, puerperium, menopause) and use of hormone therapy, such as hormonal contraception and hormone replacement therapy. Hormonal changes figure among common migraine triggers, especially sudden estrogen drop. Moreover, estrogens can modulate neuronal excitability, through serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, and endorphin regulation, and they interact with the vascular endothelium of the brain. The risk of vascular disease, and ischemic stroke in particular, is increased in women with migraine with aura (MA), but the link is unclear. One hypothesis posits for a causal association: migraine may cause clinical or subclinical brain lesions following repeated episodes of cortical spreading depression (CSD) and a second hypothesis that may explain the association between migraine and vascular diseases is the presence of common risk factors and comorbidities. Estrogens can play a differential role depending on their action on healthy or damaged endothelium, their endogenous or exogenous origin, and the duration of their treatment. Moreover, platelet activity is increased in migraineurs women, and it is further stimulated by estrogens.This review article describes the course of migraine during various life stages, with a special focus on its hormonal pathogenesis and the associated risk of vascular diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.