ReviewF1000Research2018
CD28 between tolerance and autoimmunity: the side effects of animal models.
Review in F1000Research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Overcoming the undruggable barrier: Structure-guided discovery of a potent small molecule CD28 antagonist with translational potential.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2026Article
- Discovery of CD28-Targeted Small Molecule Inhibitors of T Cell Co-Stimulation Using Affinity Selection-Mass Spectrometry (AS-MS) and Ex Vivo Validation.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- CD28 and ICOS in immune regulation: Structural insights and therapeutic targeting.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters · 2025Review
- The genetic puzzle of rheumatoid arthritis: Causes, progression, and treatment.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Review
- Autoimmune Phenomenon Associated With Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder.Kidney international reports · 2024Article
- Treg cells as a protective factor for Hashimoto`s thyroiditis: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- cis-B7:CD28 interactions at invaginated synaptic membranes provide CD28 co-stimulation and promote CD8Immunity · 2023Article
- Exploration of the association between the single-nucleotide polymorphism of co-stimulatory system and rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Co-Inhibitory Molecules - Their Role in Health and Autoimmunity; Highlighted by Immune Related Adverse Events.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Expression patterns of CD28 and CTLA-4 in early, chronic, and untreated rheumatoid arthritis.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2020Article
- Review
- Article
- CD28 Individual Signaling Up-regulates Human IL-17A Expression by Promoting the Recruitment of RelA/NF-κB and STAT3 Transcription Factors on the Proximal Promoter.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- First report of expansion of CD4Hematology, transfusion and cell therapyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Regulation of immune responses is critical for ensuring pathogen clearance and for preventing reaction against self-antigens. Failure or breakdown of immunological tolerance results in autoimmunity. CD28 is an important co-stimulatory receptor expressed on T cells that, upon specific ligand binding, delivers signals essential for full T-cell activation and for the development and homeostasis of suppressive regulatory T cells. Many
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.