ArticleBMJ open2018
Availability and affordability of biologic versus non-biologic anticancer medicines: a cross-sectional study in Punjab, Pakistan.
Article in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Access to innovative anticancer medicines in China: a national survey on availability, price and affordability.BMJ open · 2024Observational
- How Managed Entry Agreements Influence the Patients' Affordability to Biological Medicines-Bulgarian Example.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Access to anticancer medicines in public hospitals of Northwestern China.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- A Pharmacoeconomic Outlook of the Biological Drugs Marketed in India: A Cost Variance Analysis.Cureus · 2023Article
- Impact of the national drug price negotiation policy on the utilization, cost, and accessibility of anticancer medicines in China: A controlled interrupted time series study.Journal of global health · 2022Article
- Experience of Pharmacists with Anti-Cancer Medicine Shortages in Pakistan: Results of a Qualitative Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Impact of the National Reimbursement Drug List Negotiation Policy on Accessibility of Anticancer Drugs in China: An Interrupted Time Series Study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Accessibility of essential anticancer medicines for children in the Sichuan Province of China.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Assessing the prices and affordability of oncology medicines for three common cancers within the private sector of South Africa.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- A review of access to cancer facilities in Punjab, Pakistan.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2020Review
- Low-Cost, Large-Scale Production of the Anti-viral Lectin Griffithsin.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Article
- Availability, Price and Affordability of Anticancer Medicines: Evidence from Two Cross-Sectional Surveys in the Jiangsu Province, China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Substantial Increase in Accessibility to Essential Anticancer Medicines in Anhui, China: A Longitudinal Study.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingArticle
- Outcome of hairy cell leukemia patients treated with cladribine - a 10-year single-center experience in Pakistan.Hematology, transfusion and cell therapyArticle
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesPrime focus of this study was to evaluate the availability and affordability of originator brands (OBs) and lowest price generics (LPGs) of prescribed biologic and non-biologic anticancer medicines. DESIGN, SETTINGS AND
participantsA descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted in 22 cancer-care hospitals (18 public hospitals and 4 private hospitals) and 44 private pharmacies in Punjab, Pakistan. Sampling population consisted of 4483 patients with cancer aged ≥18 years. The availability was determined by classifying anticancer medicines in four categories: absent/unavailability (medicines not present in any surveyed facility), low availability (medicines present in <50% of surveyed facilities), fairly high availability (medicines present in 50%-74% of surveyed facilities) and high availability (medicines present in >75% of surveyed facilities). Medicines were affordable if overall cost of all the prescribed anticancer medicines were 20% of the household capacity to pay. Data were analysed by using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, V.21.0).
resultsA total of 5060 patients with cancer were approached out of which 4483 patients were included in the survey. Overall, 10 103 anticancer drugs were prescribed. Among them, 96.3% were non-biologics and 3.7% were biologics. Oncologists were reluctant to prescribe biologics due to high prices. 58.1% of non-biologics were affordable; whereas, the affordability of biologics was 3.3%. A total of 43.9% of both biologic and non-biologic OBs were available; whereas, their affordability was 44.2%. On the other hand, the availability of LPGs was 21.3%, and their affordability was 66.1%. For low-income patients, the affordability of non-biologics was 31.6% and the affordability of biologics was 1.1%.
conclusionsMost of the patients with cancer were prescribed non-biologics due to their low price and better affordability. In contrast to OBs, LPGs of both biologics and non-biologics had less availability but more affordability.
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