ArticleArteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology2018
Flavorings in Tobacco Products Induce Endothelial Cell Dysfunction.
Article in Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Electronic cigarettes and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE).BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Patterns of use, perceptions, and cardiopulmonary health risks of cigar products: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- 2022 ACC/AHA guideline for the diagnosis and management of aortic disease: A report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2023Guideline
- 2022 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Aortic Disease: A Report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2022Guideline
- Guideline
- Pulmonary effects of e-liquid flavors: a systematic review.Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Electronic hookah (waterpipe) vaping reduces vascular endothelial function: the role of nicotine.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2024Trial
- Toxicological Evaluation of Vanillin Flavor in E-Liquid Aerosols on Endothelial Cell Function: Findings from the Replica Project.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Article
- Oxidative stress mediates cardiac electrophysiological injury in inhalation exposure to flavored vaping products.Heart rhythm · 2026Article
- Molecular Health Effects of Electronic Cigarettes.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- E-cigarettes and cardiovascular health: a review of components, mechanisms, and clinical risk.American journal of cardiovascular disease · 2026Review
- Analysing the acute toxicity of e-cigarette liquids and their vapour on human lung epithelial (A549) cellsToxicology reports · 2025Article
- Exploring the Impact of E-cigarettes on Cardiovascular Health: Insights from Preclinical and Clinical Studies.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2025Review
- Heart failure in water pipe smokers: a review of evidence on ventricular dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammatory pathways.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Determination of lung cancer exhaled breath biomarkers using machine learning-a new analysis framework.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Twisting the truth: How the tobacco industry misleads the public through harm reduction.The Indian journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Impact of nicotine-free and nicotine-rich flavored electronic cigarette refill liquids on primary human melanocyte function.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- Inhalation exposure to dihydroxyacetone promotes lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis in A/J mice.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Smoking and endometriosis: A narrative review.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Review
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveUse of alternative tobacco products including electronic cigarettes is rapidly rising. The wide variety of flavored tobacco products available is of great appeal to smokers and youth. The flavorings added to tobacco products have been deemed safe for ingestion, but the cardiovascular health effects are unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 9 flavors on vascular endothelial cell function. APPROACH AND
resultsFreshly isolated endothelial cells from participants who use nonmenthol- or menthol-flavored tobacco cigarettes showed impaired A23187-stimulated nitric oxide production compared with endothelial cells from nonsmoking participants. Treatment of endothelial cells isolated from nonsmoking participants with either menthol (0.01 mmol/L) or eugenol (0.01 mmol/L) decreased A23187-stimulated nitric oxide production. To further evaluate the effects of flavoring compounds on endothelial cell phenotype, commercially available human aortic endothelial cells were incubated with vanillin, menthol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, dimethylpyrazine, diacetyl, isoamyl acetate, eucalyptol, and acetylpyrazine (0.1-100 mmol/L) for 90 minutes. Cell death, reactive oxygen species production, expression of the proinflammatory marker IL-6 (interleukin-6), and nitric oxide production were measured. Cell death and reactive oxygen species production were induced only at high concentrations unlikely to be achieved in vivo. Lower concentrations of selected flavors (vanillin, menthol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and acetylpyridine) induced both inflammation and impaired A23187-stimulated nitric oxide production consistent with endothelial dysfunction.
conclusionsOur data suggest that short-term exposure of endothelial cells to flavoring compounds used in tobacco products have adverse effects on endothelial cell phenotype that may have relevance to cardiovascular toxicity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.