SynthesisThe Lancet. Global health2018
Morbidity, mortality, and long-term consequences associated with diarrhoea from Cryptosporidium infection in children younger than 5 years: a meta-analyses study.
Synthesis in The Lancet. Global health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 254 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
254 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 476 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence ofMedical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Cryptosporidium in Rabbits: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence, Species/Genotypes Distribution and Zoonotic Significance.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical and Immunological Features, Genetic Variants, and Outcomes of Patients with CD40 Deficiency.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence of human cryptosporidiosis in the Americas: systematic review and meta-analysis.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2022Pooled it
- Performance and operational feasibility of two diagnostic tests for cryptosporidiosis in children (CRYPTO-POC): a clinical, prospective, diagnostic accuracy study.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Predictors of recovery in children aged 6-59 months with uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition: a multicentre study.Public health nutrition · 2021Trial
- Diverse infections transcriptionally reprogram the intestinal epithelium and epithelial-immune cell interactions.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Novel inhibitors against Cryptosporidium parvum through blocking its energy metabolism.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Integrated Phytochemical, Computational and In Vitro Evaluation of the Oocysticidal Activity of Pleurotus ostreatus Extract Against Cryptosporidium parvum.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Article
- Cryptosporidiosis burden among children younger than 5 years with diarrhea attending Banadir hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia.IJID regions · 2026Article
- Unravelling the synergistic potential of Olibanum extract and Bacillus clausii in combating intestinal cryptosporidiosis in immunosuppressed mice.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Integrated Transcriptomic Profiling and In Vitro Evaluation of Garcinia Mangostana Phytochemicals Against Cryptosporidium Parvum.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Article
- Genome-targeted enrichment and sequencing of human-infecting Cryptosporidium spp.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Structural Basis for the Immunological Paradox of a High-Affinity Yet Non-Immunogenic MHC-I Epitope fromBiology · 2026Article
- Effects ofmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- From conventional to biosensor-based detection ofFood and waterborne parasitology · 2026Review
- Genomic heterogeneity of NAD(P)H dehydrogenase predisposes Cryptosporidium to clofazimine resistance.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Cryptosporidium secreted proteins form a complex layered interface with the host cell.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among children in India.Gut pathogens · 2026Review
- Development of a Luciferase-Based In Vitro Assay to Evaluate the Efficacy of Anti-Cryptosporidial Drugs AgainstPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
194 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 10 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe protozoan Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of diarrhoea morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years. However, the true global burden of Cryptosporidium infection in children younger than 5 years might have been underestimated in previous quantifications because it only took account of the acute effects of diarrhoea. We aimed to demonstrate whether there is a causal relation between Cryptosporidium and childhood growth and, if so, to quantify the associated additional burden.
methodsThe Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors study (GBD) 2016 was a systematic and scientific effort to quantify the morbidity and mortality associated with more than 300 causes of death and disability, including diarrhoea caused by Cryptosporidium infection. We supplemented estimates on the burden of Cryptosporidium in GBD 2016 with findings from a systematic review of published and unpublished cohort studies and a meta-analysis of the effect of childhood diarrhoea caused by Cryptosporidium infection on physical growth.
findingsIn 2016, Cryptosporidium infection was the fifth leading diarrhoeal aetiology in children younger than 5 years, and acute infection caused more than 48 000 deaths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 24 600-81 900) and more than 4·2 million disability-adjusted life-years lost (95% UI 2·2 million-7·2 million). We identified seven data sources from the scientific literature and six individual-level data sources describing the relation between Cryptosporidium and childhood growth. Each episode of diarrhoea caused by Cryptosporidium infection was associated with a decrease in height-for-age Z score (0·049, 95% CI 0·014-0·080), weight-for-age Z score (0·095, 0·055-0·134), and weight-for-height Z score (0·126, 0·057-0·194). We estimated that diarrhoea from Cryptosporidium infection caused an additional 7·85 million disability-adjusted life-years (95% UI 5·42 million-10·11 million) after we accounted for its effect on growth faltering-153% more than that estimated from acute effects alone.
interpretationOur findings show that the substantial short-term burden of diarrhoea from Cryptosporidium infection on childhood growth and wellbeing is an underestimate of the true burden. Interventions designed to prevent and effectively treat infection in children younger than 5 years will have enormous public health and social development impacts.
fundingThe Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.