ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin2019
Visual Acuity in Late Adolescence and Future Psychosis Risk in a Cohort of 1 Million Men.
Article in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Atypical Use of Visuospatial Context in Psychotic Psychopathology: A Meta-analysis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Pooled it
- Associations between psychosis and visual acuity impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2021Pooled it
- Retinal Origins of Aberrant Salience in Schizophrenia: The Perceptual Theory.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Review
- Impaired Contour Object Perception in Psychosis.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026Article
- Diagnostic value of regional homogeneity and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the classification of schizophrenia and bipolar disorders.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Reduced Visual Function in Schizotypal Traits: An Exploratory Study.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Article
- Impaired contour object perception in psychosis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Schizophrenia and Orthoptic Conditions: A Literature Review.The British and Irish orthoptic journal · 2024Review
- Article
- Investigating the association between schizophrenia and distance visual acuity: Mendelian randomisation study.BJPsych open · 2023Article
- Weakened untuned gain control is associated with schizophrenia while atypical orientation-tuned suppression depends on visual acuity.Journal of vision · 2023Article
- Sensory Deprivation and Psychiatric Disorders: Association, Assessment and Management Strategies.Indian journal of psychological medicine · 2022Article
- Schizophrenia in Translation: Why the Eye?Schizophrenia bulletin · 2022Article
- Evidence From Imaging Resilience Genetics for a Protective Mechanism Against Schizophrenia in the Ventral Visual Pathway.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2022Article
- Association Between Childhood Visual Acuity and Late Adolescent Psychotic Experiences: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2022Article
- Eyes, the window on psychosis?BJPsych open · 2022Article
- Oculomics in Schizophrenia Research.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2021Article
- The Phenomenology and Neurobiology of Visual Distortions and Hallucinations in Schizophrenia: An Update.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Review
- Blindness, Psychosis, and the Visual Construction of the World.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2020Article
- Development and Evaluation of a Visual Remediation Intervention for People with Schizophrenia.Journal of psychiatry and brain science · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe aimed to determine whether late adolescent visual impairment is associated with later psychosis.
methodsWe conducted a longitudinal cohort study of Swedish male military conscripts aged 18 or 19 years from January 1, 1974, through December 31, 1997 (N = 1140710). At conscription, uncorrected and optometry-lens-corrected distance visual acuity was measured. Participants were then followed up to see if they received an inpatient diagnosis of non-affective psychotic disorder, including schizophrenia (N = 10769). Multivariable Cox modeling was used to estimate differences between groups.
resultsAfter adjustment for confounders, those with severe impairment before optical correction in their best eye (decimal fraction <0.3) had an increased psychosis rate compared to those with normal uncorrected vision (decimal fraction 1.0) (hazard ratio [HR] 1.26, 95% CI 1.16-1.37). Larger interocular visual acuity difference was associated with an increased psychosis rate (adjusted HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.37-1.63 in those with differences >0.5 compared to those with no between eye acuity difference). Individuals with impaired vision that could not be corrected to normal with lenses had highest rates of psychosis (best eye adjusted HR 1.56; 95% CI 1.33-1.82), those with imperfect, but correctable vision also had elevated rates (best eye adjusted HR 1.21; 95% CI 1.15-1.28). Individuals with visual impairment had higher rates of psychosis than their full siblings with normal vision (adjusted HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.07-1.35).
conclusionsImpaired visual acuity is associated with non-affective psychosis. Visual impairment as a phenotype in psychosis requires further consideration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.