ReviewJournal of tissue engineering
Bone substitutes: a review of their characteristics, clinical use, and perspectives for large bone defects management.
Review in Journal of tissue engineering. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06034171 (Clinical Study of Implants With Modified Surface Treatment), which is not on this map. Cited by 343 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Clinical Study of Implants With Modified Surface Treatment
Who cites it
343 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Clinical and research applications of synthetic bone substitutes in equine veterinary medicine: A systematic review.Equine veterinary journal · 2026Pooled it
- New bone formation of biphasic calcium phosphate bone substitute material: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).International journal of implant dentistry · 2025Pooled it
- Bioactive glasses as bone substitutes for animal critical defects: A systematic review.Brazilian dental journal · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical Application of Adipose Derived Stem Cells for the Treatment of Aseptic Non-Unions: Current Stage and Future Perspectives-Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Implant stability and clinical outcome between implant placement using internal sinus floor elevation with alloplastic bone material grafting and without grafting: A 1-year randomized clinical trial.Clinical oral investigations · 2024Trial
- A Histologic, Histomorphometric, and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Anorganic Bovine Bone and Injectable Biphasic Calcium Phosphate in Humans: A Randomized Clinical Trial.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Trial
- Fracture healing: from molecular and cellular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Biofunctional carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogels with nano-hydroxyapatite gradients accelerate bone defect healing.iScience · 2026Article
- Dual-gene regulation of NGF overexpression and P75NTR knockdown enhances BMSC osteogenesis by suppressing pyroptosis.iScience · 2026Article
- A Review of Rejuvenation Strategies Targeting Mesenchymal Stem Cell Senescence and Their Impact on Bone Health and Regeneration.Current osteoporosis reports · 2026Review
- Comparative Analysis of Bone Remodeling Dynamics and Bone Vitality Following Standard Bone Augmentation Procedures: A Review.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Germanium-doped calcium phosphate ceramics in combination with mesenchymal stem cells derived from the neural crest, obtained from rabbit vibrissae: an experimental model of rabbit jaw regeneration.Archives of craniofacial surgery · 2026Article
- Multifunctional scaffold inspired by hepatocyte exosomes promotes bone regeneration by regulating osteogenic differentiation via PI3K/AKT pathway.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Biochemical and Physicomechanical Cues of Biomaterials Guide Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Clinical evaluation of a novel cotton-like β-tricalcium phosphate, poly-L-lactic acid, and polyglycolic acid bone graft material for jawbone defects following cystectomy.Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons · 2026Article
- [Dynamic stretching promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in three-dimensional culture].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2026Article
- Combining Fluid Dynamics and Biological Experiments to Explore the More Suitable Porosity for Bone Inducing Porous Tantalum Scaffolds.Orthopaedic surgery · 2026Article
- Peptide-conjugated biodegradable polyester scaffolds for bone regeneration.Biomaterials · 2026Review
- Exosome-functionalized alginate/gelatin composite scaffolds: synergistic enhancement of osteogenic differentiation for bone tissue engineering.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
283 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bone replacement might have been practiced for centuries with various materials of natural origin, but had rarely met success until the late 19th century. Nowadays, many different bone substitutes can be used. They can be either derived from biological products such as demineralized bone matrix, platelet-rich plasma, hydroxyapatite, adjunction of growth factors (like bone morphogenetic protein) or synthetic such as calcium sulfate, tri-calcium phosphate ceramics, bioactive glasses, or polymer-based substitutes. All these substitutes are not suitable for every clinical use, and they have to be chosen selectively depending on their purpose. Thus, this review aims to highlight the principal characteristics of the most commonly used bone substitutes and to give some directions concerning their clinical use, as spine fusion, open-wedge tibial osteotomy, long bone fracture, oral and maxillofacial surgery, or periodontal treatments. However, the main limitations to bone substitutes use remain the management of large defects and the lack of vascularization in their central part, which is likely to appear following their utilization. In the field of bone tissue engineering, developing porous synthetic substitutes able to support a faster and a wider vascularization within their structure seems to be a promising way of research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.