ArticleScientific reports2018
Prenatal iron exposure and childhood type 1 diabetes.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Impact of Dietary Factors during Pregnancy on the Development of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Literature Review.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Maternal Iron Status in Pregnancy and Child Health Outcomes after Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Evaluation of Fetal Exposures to Metals and Metalloids through Meconium Analyses: A Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Changing epidemiology of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases in immigrants: A systematic review of population-based studies.Journal of autoimmunity · 2019Pooled it
- Moderate iron restriction improves metabolism via epigenetic regulation of GDF15.The Journal of nutritional biochemistry · 2026Article
- Rotavirus vaccination and incidence of type 1 diabetes: a population-based natural experiment.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Transcriptomics of type 1 diabetes progression: a validation study in newly diagnosed patients.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Comparisons of iron phenotypes and reports of menses, pregnancies, and live births in women withmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Prenatal iron overload induces hepatic oxidative stress and ferroptosis in offspring mice.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2025Article
- Environmental Mechanisms Influencing the Pathogenesis and Progression of Type 1 Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Natural Products as Modulators of Iron Metabolism and Ferroptosis in Diabetes and Its Complications.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Iron and Pregnancy.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Autoimmune disease: genetic susceptibility, environmental triggers, and immune dysregulation. Where can we develop therapies?Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Iron Intake and Human Health.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Linking Prenatal Environmental Exposures to Lifetime Health with Epigenome-Wide Association Studies: State-of-the-Science Review and Future Recommendations.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Review
- An Oxylipin-Related Nutrient Pattern and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes in the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY).Nutrients · 2023Article
- Association between systemic iron status and β-cell function and insulin sensitivity in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Maternal iron status in early pregnancy and childhood body fat measures and cardiometabolic risk factors: A population-based prospective cohort.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
- Investigating iron intake in risk of progression from islet autoimmunity to type 1 diabetes: The diabetes autoimmunity study in the young.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Iron overload due to environmental or genetic causes have been associated diabetes. We hypothesized that prenatal iron exposure is associated with higher risk of childhood type 1 diabetes. In the Norwegian Mother and Child cohort study (n = 94,209 pregnancies, n = 373 developed type 1 diabetes) the incidence of type 1 diabetes was higher in children exposed to maternal iron supplementation than unexposed (36.8/100,000/year compared to 28.6/100,000/year, adjusted hazard ratio 1.33, 95%CI: 1.06-1.67). Cord plasma biomarkers of high iron status were non-significantly associated with higher risk of type 1 diabetes (ferritin OR = 1.05 [95%CI: 0.99-1.13] per 50 mg/L increase; soluble transferrin receptor: OR = 0.91 [95%CI: 0.81-1.01] per 0.5 mg/L increase). Maternal but not fetal HFE genotypes causing high/intermediate iron stores were associated with offspring diabetes (odds ratio: 1.45, 95%CI: 1.04, 2.02). Maternal anaemia or non-iron dietary supplements did not significantly predict type 1 diabetes. Perinatal iron exposures were not associated with cord blood DNA genome-wide methylation, but fetal HFE genotype was associated with differential fetal methylation near HFE. Maternal cytokines in mid-pregnancy of the pro-inflammatory M1 pathway differed by maternal iron supplements and HFE genotype. Our results suggest that exposure to iron during pregnancy may be a risk factor for type 1 diabetes in the offspring.
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