SynthesisBritish journal of cancer2018
Heterogeneous relationships of squamous and basal cell carcinomas of the skin with smoking: the UK Million Women Study and meta-analysis of prospective studies.
Synthesis in British journal of cancer, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk of non-melanoma skin cancer for rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving TNF antagonist: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical rheumatology · 2020Pooled it
- A Real-World Experience of Cemiplimab in Patients with Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Cancers · 2026Article
- Modifiable risk factors and skin cancers: a multi-omics Mendelian randomization study from causal inference to drug target discovery.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Article
- Effectiveness and safety of cemiplimab in locally advanced and metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Cigarette Smoking and Survival of Patients with Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.Cancers · 2025Article
- Article
- Association between lifetime smoking and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A 2-sample Mendelian randomization study.JAAD international · 2024Article
- Systematic replication of smoking disease associations using survey responses and EHR data in the All of Us Research Program.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2023Article
- Genetic variants for smoking behaviour and risk of skin cancer.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A registration trend in eyelid skin cancers and associated risk factors in Iran, 2005-2016.BMC cancer · 2023Article
- ThePatterns (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- Cigarette Smoking and Estrogen-Related Cancer-Reply.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2021Article
- Daily Lifestyle and Cutaneous Malignancies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: From Pathophysiology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- Article
- Machine Learning of Single Cell Transcriptomic Data From anti-PD-1 Responders and Non-responders Reveals Distinct Resistance Mechanisms in Skin Cancers and PDAC.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- Review
- The association of smoking and socioeconomic status on cutaneous melanoma: a population-based, data-linkage, case-control study.The British journal of dermatology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionPublished findings on the associations between smoking and the incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are inconsistent. We aimed to generate prospective evidence on these relationships overall and by anatomical site.
methodsWe followed 1,223,626 women without prior cancer by electronic linkage to national cancer registration data. Questionnaire information about smoking and other factors was recorded at recruitment (1996-2001) and every 3-5 years subsequently. Cox regression yielded adjusted relative risks (RRs) comparing smokers versus never-smokers.
resultsAfter 14 (SD4) years follow-up per woman, 6699 had a first registered cutaneous SCC and 48,666 a first BCC. In current versus never-smokers, SCC incidence was increased (RR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.15-1.31) but BCC incidence was decreased (RR = 0.80, 0.78-0.82). RRs varied substantially by anatomical site; for the limbs, current smoking was associated with an increased incidence of SCC (1.55, 1.41-1.71) and a decreased incidence of BCC (0.72, 0.66-0.79), but for facial lesions there was little association of current smoking with either SCC (0.93, 0.82-1.06) or BCC (0.92, 0.88-0.96). Findings in meta-analyses of results from this and seven other prospective studies were largely dominated by the findings in this study.
conclusionsSmoking-associated risks for cutaneous SCC and BCC are in the opposite direction to each other and appear to vary by anatomical site.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.