ArticleBrain sciences2018
Depression among Black Youth; Interaction of Class and Place.
Article in Brain sciences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Depression on Medical Mistrust and Mental Health Service Use in Black Adults.Community mental health journal · 2026Article
- Asking for help: the development of a simulation-based mental health application to enhance depression literacy, mental health communication, and help-seeking among Black autistic youth.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Social-ecological Protective and Risk Factors Associated with Depressive Symptoms among Black Adolescents.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025Article
- "To Be Twice as Good to Get Half": Minorities' Diminished Returns.Journal of biomedical and life sciences · 2025Article
- [Does race/skin color modify the effect of intergenerational educational mobility on life satisfaction and family income? ELSA-Brasil results].Cadernos de saude publica · 2025Article
- High Systolic Blood Pressure of High-Income African American Children.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- The Potential of Minimum Wage Increases to Reduce Youth Homicide Disparities: Diminishing Returns for Black Youth.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2024Article
- Risk and protective factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors among Black female and male youth with depression symptoms - United States, 2004-2019.Journal of affective disorders · 2024Article
- Neighborhood and Household Environment as Contributors to Racial Disparities in Sleep Duration among U.S. Adolescents.Sleep epidemiology · 2023Article
- Intergenerational Continuity of Child Maltreatment, Parenting, and Racism: Commentary on Valentino et al., (2012).Child maltreatment · 2023Article
- Structural Racism and Adolescent Mental Health Disparities in Northern California.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Immigration Status, Educational Level, and Perceived Discrimination in Europe.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- A Trauma- and Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (JEDI)-Informed Approach to Suicide Prevention in School: Black Boys' Lives Matter.School psychology review · 2023Article
- Social Determinants of Mental, Physical, and Oral Health of Middle-Aged and Older African Americans in South Los Angeles.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Skin Tone and the Health Returns to Higher Status.Demography · 2022Article
- Income security and infant health: Social context matters.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- The Intergenerational Impact of Structural Racism and Cumulative Trauma on Depression.The American journal of psychiatry · 2022Review
- Black Youth Suicide Crisis: Prevalence Rates, Review of Risk and Protective Factors, and Current Evidence-Based Practices.Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) · 2022Article
- Examining Multiracial Pride, Identity-based Challenges, and Discrimination: An Exploratory Investigation among Biracial Emerging Adults.Race and social problems · 2022Article
- Becoming Strong: Sociocultural Experiences, Mental Health, & Black Girls' Strong Black Woman Schema Endorsement.Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although high socioeconomic status (SES) is traditionally conceptualized as a health protective factor, recent literature has documented positive associations between SES (e.g., income) and depression among Blacks, including Black youth. To extend the results of this recent literature, the current study used the Family and Community Health Study (FACHS) data to examine the multiplicative effects of gender, place, and SES on average depressive symptoms of Black youth over a long period of time. FACHS, 1997⁻2017, followed 889 Black children aged 10⁻12 years old for up to 18 years. Depressive symptoms were measured in seven waves. The main predictors of interest were two SES indicators, parent education and family income measured at baseline (1997). Main outcome of interest was average depressive symptoms over the 18 year follow up period. Place of residence and gender were the focal moderators. Linear regression models were used for data analysis. In the pooled sample, living in a predominantly White area was associated with higher average depressive symptoms over time, however, this association was fully explained by higher perceived racial discrimination in the predominantly White areas. We found an interaction between income and place of residence on average depressive symptoms, suggesting that higher income is associated with more depressive symptoms in predominantly White compared to predominantly Black areas. Place did not interact with parent education on average depressive symptoms. Gender also did not interact with education or income on depressive symptoms. Findings suggest that place and SES may interact on depressive symptoms of Black youth, with high income becoming a risk factor for depressive symptoms in predominantly White areas. How SES indicators, such as income, protect or become a risk factor depend on other contextual factors, such as place of residence. There is a need to reduce discrimination experienced by Blacks, especially in predominantly White areas. Meanwhile, Black youth who live in predominantly White areas may require additional help that enhances their coping.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.