ArticleBMJ open2018
The effect of adherence to spectacle wear on early developing literacy: a longitudinal study based in a large multiethnic city, Bradford, UK.
Article in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Current status of school vision screening-rationale, models, impact and challenges: a review.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Children with Additional Support Needs Risk Missing Out on Effective Vision Screening: Audit and Survey Considering Attendance Rates and Parent Reported Barriers to Service Access, including Recommendations for Improvement.The British and Irish orthoptic journal · 2025Article
- Prevalence of presenting bilateral visual impairment associated with refractive error - findings from the See4School, pre-school vision screening programme in NHS Scotland.Eye (London, England) · 2024Article
- Academic performance and musculoskeletal pain in adolescents with uncorrected vision problems.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Refractive prescribing for preschool children by optometrists in England.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2023Article
- Laboured reading and musculoskeletal pain in school children - the role of lifestyle behaviour and eye wear: a cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
- Advancing the Sustainable Development Goals through improving eye health: a scoping review.The Lancet. Planetary health · 2022Article
- Hyperopia Is Not Causally Associated With a Major Deficit in Educational Attainment.Translational vision science & technology · 2021Article
- The Lancet Global Health Commission on Global Eye Health: vision beyond 2020.The Lancet. Global health · 2021Review
- Headache and musculoskeletal pain in school children are associated with uncorrected vision problems and need for glasses: a case-control study.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Scottish Pre-School Vision Screening - First 3 Years of National Data.The British and Irish orthoptic journal · 2020Article
- Prevalence, Characteristics, and Risk Factors of Moderate or High Hyperopia among Multiethnic Children 6 to 72 Months of Age: A Pooled Analysis of Individual Participant Data.Ophthalmology · 2019Article
- Qualitative study investigating the perceptions of parents of children who failed vision screening at the age of 4-5 years.BMJ paediatrics open · 2018Article
- Exploring the effect of optometrist practice type on NHS funded sight test outcome.Journal of optometryArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo determine the impact of adherence to spectacle wear on visual acuity (VA) and developing literacy following vision screening at age 4-5 years.
designLongitudinal study nested within the Born in Bradford birth cohort. SETTING AND
participantsObservation of 944 children: 432 had failed vision screening and were referred (treatment group) and 512 randomly selected (comparison group) who had passed (<0.20 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) in both eyes). Spectacle wear was observed in school for 2 years following screening and classified as adherent (wearing spectacles at each assessment) or non-adherent.
main outcome measuresAnnual measures of VA using a crowded logMAR test. Literacy was measured by Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests-Revised subtest: letter identification.
resultsThe VA of all children improved with increasing age, -0.009 log units per month (95% CI -0.011 to -0.007) (worse eye). The VA of the adherent group improved significantly more than the comparison group, by an additional -0.008 log units per month (95% CI -0.009 to -0.007) (worse eye) and -0.004 log units per month (95% CI -0.005 to -0.003) in the better eye.Literacy was associated with the VA, letter identification (ID) reduced by -0.9 (95% CI -1.15 to -0.64) for every one line (0.10 logMAR) fall in VA (better eye). This association remained after adjustment for socioeconomic and demographic factors (-0.33, 95% CI -0.54 to -0.12). The adherent group consistently demonstrated higher letter-ID scores compared with the non-adherent group, with the greatest effect size (0.11) in year 3.
conclusionsEarly literacy is associated with the level of VA; children who adhere to spectacle wear improve their VA and also have the potential to improve literacy. Our results suggest failure to adhere to spectacle wear has implications for the child's vision and education.
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