ArticleGene expression2018
Direct Comparison of the Thioacetamide and Azoxymethane Models of Type A Hepatic Encephalopathy in Mice.
Article in Gene expression, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Blood-brain barrier dysfunction in hepatic encephalopathy: pathophysiology, diagnostic assessment and therapeutic perspectives.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- Characterization of hepatic pathology during azoxymethane-induced acute liver failure.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Investigating cognitive impairments and hippocampal proteome alterations in aged male rats with TAA-Induced minimal hepatic encephalopathy.Biogerontology · 2024Article
- Mitochondrial Changes in Rat Brain Endothelial Cells Associated with Hepatic Encephalopathy: Relation to the Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction.Neurochemical research · 2024Review
- Article
- Faecal hsa-miR-7704 inhibits the growth and adhesion of Bifidobacterium longum by suppressing ProB and aggravates hepatic encephalopathy.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2024Article
- miRNA-ome plasma analysis unveils changes in blood-brain barrier integrity associated with acute liver failure in rats.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2023Article
- Inhibition of autotaxin alleviates pathological features of hepatic encephalopathy at the level of gut-liver-brain axis: an experimental and bioinformatic study.Cell death & disease · 2023Article
- Article
- Gut Dysbiosis and Blood-Brain Barrier Alteration in Hepatic Encephalopathy: From Gut to Brain.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Review
- The Pathological Effects of Circulating Hydrophobic Bile Acids in Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2023Review
- A critical review of bile acids and their receptors in hepatic encephalopathy.Analytical biochemistry · 2022Review
- The Effect of TGF-β1 Reduced Functionality on the Expression of Selected Synaptic Proteins and Electrophysiological Parameters: Implications of Changes Observed in Acute Hepatic Encephalopathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Astrocytes profiling in acute hepatic encephalopathy: Possible enrolling of glial fibrillary acidic protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, inwardly rectifying potassium channel (Kir 4.1) and aquaporin-4 in rat cerebral cortex.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Article
- The neurogliovascular unit in hepatic encephalopathy.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2021Review
- Thioacetamide-induced acute hepatic encephalopathy: central vs peripheral effect of Allicin.Metabolic brain disease · 2021Article
- 2021 ISHEN guidelines on animal models of hepatic encephalopathy.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2021Review
- Drug-induced-acute liver failure: A critical appraisal of the thioacetamide model for the study of hepatic encephalopathy.Toxicology reports · 2021Review
- Inhibition of thrombospondin-1 reduces glutathione activity and worsens acute liver injury during acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Acute liver failure is a devastating consequence of hepatotoxic liver injury that can lead to the development of hepatic encephalopathy. There is no consensus on the best model to represent these syndromes in mice, and therefore the aim of this study was to classify hepatic and neurological consequences of azoxymethane- and thioacetamide-induced liver injury. Azoxymethane-treated mice were euthanized at time points representing absence of minor and significant stages of neurological decline. Thioacetamide-treated mice had tissue collected at up to 3 days following daily injections. Liver histology, serum chemistry, bile acids, and cytokine levels were measured. Reflexes, grip strength measurement, and ataxia were calculated for all groups. Brain ammonia, bile acid levels, cerebral edema, and neuroinflammation were measured. Finally, in vitro and in vivo assessments of blood-brain barrier function were performed. Serum transaminases and liver histology demonstrate that both models generated hepatotoxic liver injury. Serum proinflammatory cytokine levels were significantly elevated in both models. Azoxymethane-treated mice had progressive neurological deficits, while thioacetamide-treated mice had inconsistent neurological deficits. Bile acids and cerebral edema were increased to a higher degree in azoxymethane-treated mice, while cerebral ammonia and neuroinflammation were greater in thioacetamide-treated mice. Blood-brain barrier permeability exists in both models but was likely not due to direct toxicity of azoxymethane or thioacetamide on brain endothelial cells. In conclusion, both models generate acute liver injury and hepatic encephalopathy, but the requirement of a single injection and the more consistent neurological decline make azoxymethane treatment a better model for acute liver failure with hepatic encephalopathy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.