ArticleAnnals of internal medicine2018
Association of Viral Suppression With Lower AIDS-Defining and Non-AIDS-Defining Cancer Incidence in HIV-Infected Veterans: A Prospective Cohort Study.
Article in Annals of internal medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Estimates of the global burden of HIV-attributable and all-cause AIDS-defining cancers: a population-based modeling study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Excess mortality attributable to AIDS among people living with HIV in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Pooled it
- Computationally inferred cell-type specific epigenome-wide DNA methylation analysis unveils distinct methylation patterns among immune cells for HIV infection in three cohorts.PLoS pathogens · 2024Pooled it
- Early antiretroviral therapy and long-term cancer risk in HIV: 9-year outcomes from the START randomized trial.BMC cancer · 2026Trial
- Focusing on vulnerable populations in HIV.Chinese medical journal · 2026Article
- Characteristics and management of low-level viraemia in people living with HIV in a resource-limited setting: A multicentre retrospective study in Greece.HIV medicine · 2026Observational
- Leveraging the Electronic Health Record for Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer Among 9.4 Million US Veterans.Clinical and translational gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Article
- Estimates and predictors of HIV viral non-suppression in South African adults on antiretroviral treatment.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- Article
- Risk of Cancer in People With HIV Experiencing Varying Degrees of Immune Recovery With Sustained Virological Suppression on Antiretroviral Treatment for More Than 2 Years: An International, Multicenter, Observational Cohort.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Observational
- Trends in Cancer Diagnoses Among People Living with HIV: A 20-Year Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Center in Thailand.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Depression Improves the Predictive Accuracy of the VACS Index 2.0 for All-Cause Mortality Among Sexual Minority Men Living With HIV in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- Effective and safe use of immune checkpoint inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer in people living with HIV.HIV medicine · 2025Review
- HIV-1 Viremia and Cancer Risk in 2.8 Million People: The South African HIV Cancer Match Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Survival prediction models for people living with HIV based on four machine learning models.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Validity of Diagnostic Codes and Laboratory Tests to Identify Cholangiocarcinoma and Its Subtypes.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2025Article
- Prostate cancer in people with HIV.Current opinion in infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Prognostic Value of Procalcitonin in Febrile People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLWH) Admitted to the Emergency Department.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 11 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Viral suppression is a primary marker of HIV treatment success. Persons with HIV are at increased risk for AIDS-defining cancer (ADC) and several types of non-AIDS-defining cancer (NADC), some of which are caused by oncogenic viruses. Objective: To determine whether viral suppression is associated with decreased cancer risk. Design: Prospective cohort. Setting: Department of Veterans Affairs. Participants: HIV-positive veterans (n = 42 441) and demographically matched uninfected veterans (n = 104 712) from 1999 to 2015. Measurements: Standardized cancer incidence rates and Poisson regression rate ratios (RRs; HIV-positive vs. uninfected persons) by viral suppression status (unsuppressed: person-time with HIV RNA levels ≥500 copies/mL; early suppression: initial 2 years with HIV RNA levels <500 copies/mL; long-term suppression: person-time after early suppression with HIV RNA levels <500 copies/mL). Results: Cancer incidence for HIV-positive versus uninfected persons was highest for unsuppressed persons (RR, 2.35 [95% CI, 2.19 to 2.51]), lower among persons with early suppression (RR, 1.99 [CI, 1.87 to 2.12]), and lowest among persons with long-term suppression (RR, 1.52 [CI, 1.44 to 1.61]). This trend was strongest for ADC (unsuppressed: RR, 22.73 [CI, 19.01 to 27.19]; early suppression: RR, 9.48 [CI, 7.78 to 11.55]; long-term suppression: RR, 2.22 [CI, 1.69 to 2.93]), much weaker for NADC caused by viruses (unsuppressed: RR, 3.82 [CI, 3.24 to 4.49]; early suppression: RR, 3.42 [CI, 2.95 to 3.97]; long-term suppression: RR, 3.17 [CI, 2.78 to 3.62]), and absent for NADC not caused by viruses. Limitation: Lower viral suppression thresholds, duration of long-term suppression, and effects of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell counts were not thoroughly evaluated. Conclusion: Antiretroviral therapy resulting in long-term viral suppression may contribute to cancer prevention, to a greater degree for ADC than for NADC. Patients with long-term viral suppression still had excess cancer risk. Primary Funding Source: National Cancer Institute and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism of the National Institutes of Health.
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