ArticleJournal of clinical & translational endocrinology2018
Ultrasound-guided measurement of skin and subcutaneous tissue thickness in children with diabetes and recommendations for giving insulin injections.
Article in Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analyzing the impact of subcutaneous injection needle, device, and administration characteristics on patient pain, anxiety, and safety: a systematic literature review.Drug delivery · 2026Pooled it
- Ultrasound-Guided Skin and Subcutaneous Fat Thickness Profiling for Insulin Delivery in Overweight and Obese Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Malaysian Study.Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies · 2026Article
- Semimechanistic pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model of tripegfilgrastim for pediatric patients after chemotherapy.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2023Article
- Investigation of appropriate needle length considering skin thickness with the real injection posture for insulin injections in diabetic patients.Journal of pharmaceutical health care and sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo measure skin thickness (ST) and skin + subcutaneous layer thickness (SCT) by ultrasound and estimate the risk of intramuscular injection (IM) with different needle lengths across injection sites according to age group.
methodChildren recruited between 1 and 18 years with type 1 and 2 diabetes on insulin injections and divided into three age groups: 1-6 years, 7-12 years and 13-18 years. A portable ultrasound was used to measure ST and SCT at four injection sites on the abdomen, arm, thigh and buttock.
resultsTotal 153 children enrolled for the study. The mean (SD) measurement of ST & SCT at four sites on abdomen, arm, thigh & buttocks were as follows; 4.33 mm (±2.22), 5.55 mm (±2.26), 5.83 mm (±3.12), 6.48 mm (±3.47) in 1-6 years old; 7.11 mm (±3.68), 7.79 mm (±4.54), 7.17 mm (±3.62), 8.51 mm (±3.65) in 7-12 years old; 8.94 mm (±4.50), 8.42 mm (±5.00), 8.61 mm (±4.76), 9.76 mm (±4.38) in 13-18 years old. Young children, 1-6 years have the highest risk of IM injection with all needle lengths, i.e. 4, 5, 6, 8 & 12.7 mm, while older children 7-12 & 13-18 years have a lower risk with shorter needles (4, 5 and 6 mm) as compared to longer needles (8 and 12.7 mm).
conclusionsChildren with diabetes on insulin therapy should be advised on the appropriate needle length accordingly to their age and BMI.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.