ArticleScientific reports2018
Six-Year Incidence and Risk Factors of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Singaporean Indians: The Singapore Indian Eye Study.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification of risk factors for the progression of age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Obesity and risk of age-related eye diseases: a systematic review of prospective population-based studies.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2021Pooled it
- Predicting risk of progression of early to late AMD in the aging eye through imaging and multimodal evaluation: PRIME study protocol.PloS one · 2026Article
- The potential role of adipokines and hepatokines in age-related ocular diseases.Metabolism open · 2025Review
- Associations of Cardiovascular Health and New-Onset Age-Related Macular Diseases From UK Biobank.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- The Need for Artificial Intelligence Based Risk Factor Analysis for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Three-dimensional modelling of the choroidal angioarchitecture in a multi-ethnic Asian population.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The Relationship between Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis.Iranian journal of public health · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We aimed to determine the 6-year incidence and risk factors of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in first and second generations of Singaporean Indians. Baseline examination was conducted in 2007-9 and 6-year propsective follow-up examination of this Indian population in 2013-5. All participants underwent interviews with questionnaires and comprehensive medical and eye examinations. Incidence was age-standardized to Singaporean 2010 census. Risk factors associated with AMD incidence were assessed and compared between first and second generations of immigrants. Among 2200 persons who participated in the follow-up examination (75.5% response rate), gradable fundus photographs were available in 2105. The 6-year age-standardized incidences of early and late AMD were 5.26% and 0.51% respectively. Incident early AMD was associated with cardiovascular disease history (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.04-2.45), underweight body mass index (BMI) (HR 3.12, 95% CI 1.37-7.14) (BMI of <18.5 vs 18.51-25 kg/m2), heavy alcohol drinking (HR 3.14 95% CI 1.25-7.89) and ARMS2 rs3750847 homozygous genetic loci carrier (HR 2.52, 95% CI 1.59-3.99). We found a relatively low incidence of early AMD in this Singaporean Indian population compared to Caucasian populations. Both first and second-generation Indian immigrants have similar incidence and risk factor patterns for early AMD.
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