ArticleScientific reports2018
Muscle Dysmorphia and its Associated Psychological Features in Three Groups of Recreational Athletes.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fake anabolic androgenic steroids on the black market - a systematic review and meta-analysis on qualitative and quantitative analytical results found within the literature.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- Between Aesthetics and Health: Disordered Eating, Exercise Addiction, and Body Image in Competitive Bodybuilders.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Article
- Elevated symptoms of muscle dysmorphia and disordered eating among male gym-goers in Riyadh: a cross-sectional screening study.Journal of eating disorders · 2026Article
- Muscle dysmorphia in adolescents and young adults.The Lancet. Child & adolescent health · 2026Review
- Muscle Dysmorphia, Obsessive-Compulsive Traits, and Anabolic Steroid Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Orthorexia Nervosa and Its Associations with Novel Foods and Body Image Concerns.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Muscle Dysmorphia and Anabolic Steroid-Related Psychopathology: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- #BodyPositivity: The Role of Body Appreciation and Body Mass Index for Muscle Dysmorphia, Body Attitudes and Exercise Motives Among Men.Nutrients · 2025Article
- The dichotomy between health and drug abuse in bodybuilding.Nordisk alkohol- & narkotikatidskrift : NAT · 2024Article
- Validation of the Arabic version of the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (Ar-MDDI) among Lebanese male university students.Journal of eating disorders · 2023Article
- Validation of the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI) among Italian Women Practicing Bodybuilding and Powerlifting and in Women Practicing Physical Exercise.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Perceived ideal body weight exacerbates bulimia and dieting in Bodybuilding Athletes.Toxicology reports · 2021Article
- Traits of orthorexia nervosa and muscle dysmorphia in Italian university students: a multicentre study.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2020Article
- Evaluation of Protein Content in the Diet of Amateur Male Bodybuilder.American journal of men's healthArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Muscle Dysmorphia (MD) is a psychological disorder characterized by the preoccupation with the idea that one's body is not lean and muscular. The current study aimed to explore MD behaviours and symptoms in three groups of recreational athletes: bodybuilders (BB; n = 42), strength athletes (SA; n = 61), and fitness practitioners (FP; n = 22). Furthermore, we assessed MD-related psychological features as well as possible psychological predictors of MD among groups. Results highlighted that the BB group reported more beliefs about being smaller and weaker than desired compared to the other groups, whereas individuals in the SA group reported setting higher standards for themselves than the FP group. Lastly, orthorexia nervosa and social anxiety symptoms emerged as predictors of MD symptoms in the BB group. Taken together, our findings suggest that individuals in the BB group are characterized by more MD general symptomatology than those in the other groups; furthermore, only orthorexia nervosa and social anxiety may play a specific role in predicting MD general symptoms in bodybuilders.
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