ReviewJournal of communication disorders
Static measurements of vowel formant frequencies and bandwidths: A review.
Review in Journal of communication disorders. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Distinctive prosodic features of people with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis study.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- SpeechDETECT: an explainable automated speech processing pipeline for early detection of neurological and health changes.Health information science and systems · 2026Article
- Speech Database of Consonant-based Articulation Assessment Battery plus Sustained Vowels for Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancers.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Acoustic Measures Capture Speech Dysfunction in Spinocerebellar Ataxia.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Acoustic analysis of vowel production in adults with autism spectrum disorder: beyond the notion of a unitary autistic voice.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Association of daily lung condition in COPD patients with wearable speech and physiological data.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- From phenotype to phonotype: a comprehensive description of voice features of Cri du chat syndrome.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Uncertainty of Vowel Predictions as a Digital Biomarker for Ataxic Dysarthria.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2024Article
- Conducting high-quality and reliable acoustic analysis: A tutorial focused on training research assistants.The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · 2024Article
- A Matter of Time: A Web-Based Investigation of Rest and Sleep Effects on Speech Motor Learning.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2024Article
- Article
- Characterization of Source-Filter Interactions in Vocal Vibrato Using a Neck-Surface Vibration Sensor: A Pilot Study.Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation · 2024Article
- Plug-and-Play Microphones for Recording Speech and Voice with Smart Devices.Folia phoniatrica et logopaedica : official organ of the International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics (IALP) · 2024Article
- The Relationship Between Acoustic and Kinematic Vowel Space Areas With and Without Normalization for Speakers With and Without Dysarthria.American journal of speech-language pathology · 2023Article
- It Sounds like It Feels: Preliminary Exploration of an Aeroacoustic Diagnostic Protocol for Singers.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Oromotor skills in autism spectrum disorder: A scoping review.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2023Article
- Vowel Production in Children and Adults With Down Syndrome: Fundamental and Formant Frequencies of the Corner Vowels.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2023Article
- A Deep Learning Method Using Gender-Specific Features for Emotion Recognition.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Comparison of Praat and Computerized Speech Lab for formant analysis of five Japanese vowels in maxillectomy patients.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Vowel production: a potential speech biomarker for early detection of dysarthria in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeData on vowel formants have been derived primarily from static measures representing an assumed steady state. This review summarizes data on formant frequencies and bandwidths for American English and also addresses (a) sources of variability (focusing on speech sample and time sampling point), and (b) methods of data reduction such as vowel area and dispersion.
methodSearches were conducted with CINAHL, Google Scholar, MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, and other online sources including legacy articles and references. The primary search items were vowels, vowel space area, vowel dispersion, formants, formant frequency, and formant bandwidth.
resultsData on formant frequencies and bandwidths are available for both sexes over the lifespan, but considerable variability in results across studies affects even features of the basic vowel quadrilateral. Origins of variability likely include differences in speech sample and time sampling point. The data reveal the emergence of sex differences by 4 years of age, maturational reductions in formant bandwidth, and decreased formant frequencies with advancing age in some persons. It appears that a combination of methods of data reduction provide for optimal data interpretation.
conclusionThe lifespan database on vowel formants shows considerable variability within specific age-sex groups, pointing to the need for standardized procedures.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.