ArticleBMC ophthalmology2018
Low prevalence of myopia among school children in rural China.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06278974 (A Comparative Study on the Clinical Efficacy, Quality of Life, and Cost of Use of Peripheral Defocus Spectacles, Frame Glasses, and Orthokeratology Lenses in Myopic Children and Adolescents), which is not on this map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Comparative Study on the Clinical Efficacy, Quality of Life, and Cost of Use of Peripheral Defocus Spectacles, Frame Glasses, and Orthokeratology Lenses in Myopic Children and Adolescents
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of clinically significant refractive error in children in Europe: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and time trends of refractive error in Chinese children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2021Pooled it
- Highland environment and genetic background are associated with myopia risk in Tibetans and Hans.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Childhood myopia in the modern environment: modifiable risk factors and evidence-based prevention.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- A concept reflecting relative visual acuity insufficiency among low and moderate myopia students in east of China: Yicheng Myopia Study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Investigating the Trajectories of Poor Vision in Children and Adolescents in Wuhan, China From 2016 to 2019: Prospective Cohort Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Article
- Comparison of spherical equivalent and estimated prevalence of myopia in school-age children between Shanghai and Yunnan in China.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Myopia Prevalence and Associated Factors IN School-Aged Children in Southern Morocco: A Cross-Sectional Study.The British and Irish orthoptic journal · 2025Article
- A survey of public eye-care behavior and myopia education.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Potential causal associations between leisure sedentary behaviors, physical activity, sleep traits, and myopia: a Mendelian randomization study.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Association between Axial Length to Corneal Curvature Radius Ratio and Myopia in Adult Patients.Journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Urban Living Environment and Myopia in Children.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Comparison of the new self-contained darkroom refractive screener versus table-top autorefractor and cycloplegia retinoscopy in detecting refractive error.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Prevalence of Myopia in Children Before, During, and After COVID-19 Restrictions in Hong Kong.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Effects of Greenness on Myopia Risk and School-Level Myopia Prevalence Among High School-Aged Adolescents: Cross-sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Article
- A Review of the Role of the School Spatial Environment in Promoting the Visual Health of Minors.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Myopia progression and associated factors of refractive status in children and adolescents in Tibet and Chongqing during the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Rural-urban differences in prevalence of and risk factors for refractive errors among school children and adolescents aged 6-18 years in Dalian, China.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- The association between sedentary behavioral characteristics and poor vision among Chinese children and adolescents.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe aim to assess the prevalence of myopia in Chinese school children with low educational pressure and explore which factors could explain the differences in prevalence between generations.
methodsA school-based epidemiologic study including 2432 grade 1 and 2346 grade 7 students was conducted from 2016 in rural areas of China. Each participant's refractive status was measured before and after cycloplegia using an autorefractor and axial length (AL) was measured using an IOL Master. The questionnaires were completed by the parents or legal guardians of the children to collect detailed information regarding risk factors. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent less than - 0.50D.
resultsGrade 7 students had a higher prevalence of myopia (29.4% vs. 2.4%; P < 0.001) and high myopia (0.4% vs. 0.1%; P < 0.001) compared with grade 1 students. Grade 7 students also had longer ALs (23.50 mm vs. 23.37 mm; p = 0.004) after adjusting for the effect of gender, height and other myopia-related risk factors. Adjustment for time spent on reading and writing after school per day led to a reduction in the excess prevalence of myopia in grade 7 students by 15.1%. In addition, adjustment for time outdoors reduced the excess prevalence of myopia in grade 7 students by 33.4%.
conclusionsWe reported a relatively lower prevalence of myopia in school students in rural China, suggesting that Chinese may not have a genetic predisposition to myopia and environmental factors may play a major role in the development of school myopia in Chinese children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.