SynthesisClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2018
Outcomes of Patients Lost to Follow-up in African Antiretroviral Therapy Programs: Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06803316 (Optimizing Care Delivery to Support Reengagement in PLWH Returning to HIV Care After Treatment Lapses in Zambia), which is not on this map. Cited by 75 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Optimizing Care Delivery to Support Reengagement in PLWH Returning to HIV Care After Treatment Lapses in Zambia
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- SEARCH Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Streamlined Treatment Intervention Reduces Mortality at a Population Level in Men With Low CD4 Counts.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Trial
- Article
- Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine as a Second-Line ART Regimen for Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women in Kenya: Modeling the Potential Impact on Vertical Transmission.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Retention in HIV care before and after implementation of a case management program in Malawi.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Factors Associated With Loss to Follow-Up Among People Living With HIV in a National Tertiary Care Hospital: Protocol and Baseline Analysis of a Prospective Cohort Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Loss to Follow-up After Tendon Repair: Impact on Functional Recovery.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Multifactorial determinants of lost to follow-up in antiretroviral therapy: evidence from a case-control study in Mexico.AIDS research and therapy · 2026Article
- Determinants of loss to follow-up in HIV care among adults on ART at Adama Hospital Medical College, Ethiopia: a case-control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Modeling the Potential Impact of Mentor Mother Programs on Vertical Transmission of HIV in Kenya.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Retention in a low-resource, high-burden South African cohort on antiretroviral therapy: Retrospective, longitudinal analysis comparing six measures of retention.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Article
- How much does it cost to retain clients on antiretroviral treatment for one year in a large, public clinic? Routine financial costs of retention interventions at Lighthouse Trust in Lilongwe, Malawi.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Retention on antiretroviral therapy and drivers of lost-to-follow up in the Central African Republic: a longitudinal analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Article
- Clinic transfers and engagement in HIV care during the perinatal period across a network of healthcare centers in Lilongwe, Malawi.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Correcting mortality estimates among children and youth on antiretroviral therapy in southern Africa: A comparative analysis between a multi-country tracing study and linkage to a health information exchange.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2024Article
- Depression: an individual-level early warning indicator of virologic failure in HIV patients in South Africa.Public health action · 2024Article
- Estimating the mortality risk correcting for high loss to follow-up among female sex workers with HIV in Durban, South Africa, 2018-2021.Annals of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Imprisonment for South Ethiopian people living with HIV presents a double health burden: lived experiences of prisoners.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Article
- Determinants of Loss to Follow Up Among Adult People Living with HIV Enrolled in Antiretroviral Therapy in West Wollega Public Hospitals, Oromia, Ethiopia.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 13 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Low retention on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has emerged as a threat to the Joint United Nations Programme on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS (UNAIDS) 90-90-90 targets. We examined outcomes of patients who started cART but were subsequently lost to follow-up (LTFU) in African treatment programs. Methods: This was a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of studies that traced patients who were LTFU. Outcomes were analyzed using cumulative incidence functions and proportional hazards models for the competing risks of (i) death, (ii) alive but stopped cART, (iii) silent transfer to other clinics, and (iv) retention on cART. Results: Nine studies contributed data on 7377 patients who started cART and were subsequently LTFU in sub-Saharan Africa. The median CD4 count at the start of cART was 129 cells/μL. At 4 years after the last clinic visit, 21.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 20.8%-22.7%) were known to have died, 22.6% (95% CI, 21.6%-23.6%) were alive but had stopped cART, 14.8% (95% CI, 14.0%-15.6%) had transferred to another clinic, 9.2% (95% CI, 8.5%-9.8%) were retained on cART, and 31.6% (95% CI, 30.6%-32.7%) could not been found. Mortality was associated with male sex, more advanced disease, and shorter cART duration; stopping cART with less advanced disease andlonger cART duration; and silent transfer with female sex and less advanced disease. Conclusions: Mortality in patients LTFU must be considered for unbiased assessments of program outcomes and UNAIDS targets in sub-Saharan Africa. Immediate start of cART and early tracing of patients LTFU should be priorities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.