ArticleBMC infectious diseases2018
Distribution of influenza virus types by age using case-based global surveillance data from twenty-nine countries, 1999-2014.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Using interpretable machine learning models to predict the occurrence of severe influenza in hospitalized children: a retrospective cohort study.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza, RSV, and Human Metapneumovirus Across the COVID-19 Era: An Eight-Year Tertiary-Center Study in Saudi Arabia.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Observational
- Resurgence and clinical evolution of influenza A in Chinese children: shifting epidemiology and serological dynamics across pre-, intra-, and post-pandemic eras (2019-2023).BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Prevalence, clinical features, and seasonal patterns of SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and HRSV in patients with a history of kidney transplantation in Iran.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- N460S in PB2 and I163T in nucleoprotein synergistically enhance the viral replication and pathogenicity of influenza B virus.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- An intranasally administered IgM protects against antigenically distinct subtypes of influenza A viruses.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Review
- Epidemiological patterns of influenza viruses among severe acute respiratory infection patients in Burkina Faso, 2016-2019: a surveillance study.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Influenza A virus continues to circulate among children in Linyi, northern China, after the relaxation of COVID-19 control measures.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Cost-effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccination in WHO-defined high-risk populations in Bangladesh.Journal of global health · 2024Article
- Forecasting of influenza activity and associated hospital admission burden and estimating the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on 2019/20 winter season in Hong Kong.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- The Hospital Burden of Flu in Italy: a retrospective study on administrative data from season 2014-2015 to 2018-2019.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- The real-world safety of oseltamivir and baloxavir marboxil in children: a disproportionality analysis of the FDA adverse event reporting system.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Age-dependent influenza infection patterns and subtype circulation in Denmark, in seasons 2015/16 to 2021/22.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2024Article
- Comparative Analysis of Symptomatology in Hospitalized Children with RSV, COVID-19, and Influenza Infections.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2023Article
- Influenza hospitalisations in Spain between the last influenza and COVID-19 pandemic (2009-2019).Epidemiology and infection · 2023Article
- The burden of influenza and the role of influenza vaccination in adults aged 50-64 years: A summary of available evidence.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Review
- Global variability of influenza activity and virus subtype circulation from 2011 to 2023.BMJ open respiratory research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
64 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInfluenza disease burden varies by age and this has important public health implications. We compared the proportional distribution of different influenza virus types within age strata using surveillance data from twenty-nine countries during 1999-2014 (N=358,796 influenza cases).
methodsFor each virus, we calculated a Relative Illness Ratio (defined as the ratio of the percentage of cases in an age group to the percentage of the country population in the same age group) for young children (0-4 years), older children (5-17 years), young adults (18-39 years), older adults (40-64 years), and the elderly (65+ years). We used random-effects meta-analysis models to obtain summary relative illness ratios (sRIRs), and conducted meta-regression and sub-group analyses to explore causes of between-estimates heterogeneity.
resultsThe influenza virus with highest sRIR was A(H1N1) for young children, B for older children, A(H1N1)pdm2009 for adults, and (A(H3N2) for the elderly. As expected, considering the diverse nature of the national surveillance datasets included in our analysis, between-estimates heterogeneity was high (I
conclusionsThese results highlight the importance of presenting burden of disease estimates by age group and virus (sub)type.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.