ReviewSports medicine - open2018
Socioeconomic Correlates and Determinants of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the General Adult Population: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in Sports medicine - open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescence and premature mortality: widespread bias identified using negative control outcomes and sibling comparisons.European journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Aerobic Fitness and Health-Related Phenotypes: A Two-Stage Phenome-Wide Mendelian Randomization Study.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2026Article
- Trends in physical fitness among adults from Macao SAR between 2001 and 2020.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Socio-economic deprivation and functional exercise capacity: a retrospective observational cohort study.Anaesthesia · 2026Article
- Correlates of Aerobic Performance in Adolescents and Adults.European journal of sport science · 2025Article
- Article
- [Decentralized Health Promotion in Nuremberg according to the Prevention Bill: Assessment of results and experiences of the project "Health for Everyone in the District"].Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany)) · 2024Article
- Overadjustment bias in systematic reviews and meta-analyses of socio-economic inequalities in health: a meta-research scoping review.International journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Differences in quality of life and fitness level among men and women in the adulthood: a cross-sectional analysis.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2024Article
- Article
- Effect of psychosocial motivations and technology on physical activity behaviours among community older men and women.BMC geriatrics · 2022Article
- Association Between Physical Activity and Physical Fitness Among Adults Aged 40 to 79 Years - Beijing, China, 2020-2021.China CDC weekly · 2022Article
- Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adults Aged 18 to 34 Years and Long-Term Pericardial Adipose Tissue (from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study).The American journal of cardiology · 2022Article
- Relationships between Socioeconomic Indicators and Motor Performance of Schoolchildren in Slovakia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Psychosocial phenotyping as a personalization strategy for chronic disease self-management interventions.American journal of translational research · 2021Article
- A 10-year follow-up of key gas exchange exercise parameters in a general population: results of the Study of Health in Pomerania.ERJ open research · 2021Article
- Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Youth: An Important Marker of Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2020Review
- Four Loci Are Associated with Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Endurance Performance in Young Chinese Females.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Gender-specific cardiovascular outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in Chinese populations.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2020Article
- Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Device-Measured Sedentary Behaviour are Associated with Sickness Absence in Office Workers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis review aims to (1) consolidate evidence regarding the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), (2) conduct a meta-analysis of the association between SES and CRF using methodologically comparable data, stratified by sex, and (3) test whether the association varies after adjustment for physical activity (PA).
methodsA systematic review of studies from MEDLINE, EMBASE, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (ScIELO), and Cochrane Library without time or language restrictions, which investigated associations between SES and CRF. Risk of bias within studies was assessed using a customized quality assessment tool. Results were summarized in table format and methodologically similar studies were synthesized using meta-analysis of Hedges' g effect sizes. Synthesized results were appraised for cross-study bias. Results were tested for the impact of PA adjustment using meta-regression.
resultsCompared to individuals with low education, both men and women showed higher CRF among individuals with high education (men 0.12 [0.04-0.20], women 0.19 [0.02-0.36]), while participants with medium education showed no significant difference in CRF (men 0.03 [- 0.04-0.11], women 0.09 [- 0.03-0.21]). Adjustment for PA did not significantly impact the association between education and CRF.
conclusionsThere is fair evidence for an association between high levels of education and increased CRF. This could have implications for monitoring, of health target compliance and of chronic disease risk among higher risk populations, to detect and prevent non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and to diminish social health inequalities.
trial registrationPROSPERO, CRD42017055456.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.