Observational studyBMJ open2018
Burden of herpes zoster in 16 selected immunocompromised populations in England: a cohort study in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink 2000-2012.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Factors Associated with Herpes Zoster in Patients with Malignant Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of herpes zoster risk in adults with immunocompromised conditions and autoimmune diseases in Asia-Pacific.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- Immunogenicity and safety of live attenuated and recombinant/inactivated varicella zoster vaccines in people living with HIV: A systematic review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Pooled it
- Risk factors for herpes zoster infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis unveiling common trends and heterogeneity patterns.Infection · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of herpes zoster vaccine in the immunocompetent and immunocompromised subjects: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Herpes Zoster Risk in Immunocompromised Adults in the United States: A Systematic Review.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Pooled it
- Observational
- Incidence of serious infections, herpes zoster and hepatitis B virus reactivation among patients with SLE: a cohort study using a health claims database in Japan.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical epidemiology and risk factors of herpes zoster in Türkiye: a decade-long, multicenter retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Cost-utility and budget impact analysis of herpes zoster vaccines in Thai patients with end-stage renal disease.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2026Article
- Herpes Zoster in Hematological Disorders: Pathogenesis, Risk Stratification, and Emerging Strategies for Prevention and Immunization.European journal of haematology · 2026Review
- Prevention of herpes zoster in acquired immunocompromised conditions: Review of updates and perspectives from Hong Kong.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Herpes Zoster: Risk Factors for Occurrence, Complications, and Recurrence with a Focus on Immunocompromised Patients.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Immune Dysregulation in Acute Herpes Zoster: Predictive Factors for Postherpetic Neuralgia.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Article
- Modelled Public Health Impact of Introducing Adjuvanted Recombinant Zoster Vaccine into the UK National Immunisation Programme.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Article
- [Zoster vaccination].Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Natural Language Processing Versus Diagnosis Code-Based Methods for Postherpetic Neuralgia Identification: Algorithm Development and Validation.JMIR medical informatics · 2024Article
- The Incidence of Herpes Zoster Complications: A Systematic Literature Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Review
- Systematic Literature Review on the Incidence of Herpes Zoster in Populations at Increased Risk of Disease in the EU/EEA, Switzerland, and the UK.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Article
- How large could the public health impact of introducing recombinant zoster vaccination for people aged ≥50 years in five Latin American countries be?Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesHerpes zoster (HZ) is caused by reactivation of varicella-zoster virus which remains latent in individuals after a varicella infection. It is expected that HZ will be more frequent in immunocompromised (IC) individuals than in immunocompetent (IC-free). This study assessed the incidence rate (IR) of HZ in individuals with a wide set of IC conditions and in IC-free individuals.
settingA retrospective cohort study was conducted in England using data (January 2000 to March 2012) from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink with linkage to the Hospital Episodes Statistics.
participantsA cohort of 621 588 individuals with 16 selected IC conditions and a gender/age-matched cohort of IC-free individuals were identified. The IC conditions included haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), solid organ transplant, malignancies, autoimmune diseases and users of immunosuppressive medications. OUTCOMES: IR of HZ per 1000 person-years (PY) was estimated. Proportions of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) and other HZ complications within 90 days of HZ onset were also estimated among patients with HZ. Risk factors for PHN in IC individuals with HZ were assessed by a multivariate regression model.
resultsThe overall IR of HZ in the IC cohort was 7.8/1000 PY (95% CI 7.7 to 7.9), increasing with age from 3.5/1000 PY (3.4-3.7) in individuals aged 18-49 years to 12.6/1000 PY (12.2-13.0) in individuals aged ≥80 years. This IR in the IC-free cohort was 6.2/1000 PY (6.1-6.3). The overall IR of HZ varied across IC conditions, ranging from 5.3 (5.1-5.5) in psoriasis to 41.7/1000 PY (35.7-48.4) in HSCT. The proportions of PHN and other HZ complications were 10.7% (10.2-11.1) and 2.9% (2.7-3.2) in the IC cohort, but 9.1% (8.7-9.5) and 2.3% (2.1-2.6) in the IC-free cohort, respectively.
conclusionIC population contributes to the public health burden of HZ in England. Vaccination might be the most preferable HZ preventive measure for the IC population.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.