ArticleCirculation research2018
Obesity Paradox and Smoking Gun: A Mystery of Statistical Confounding?
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In one paragraph
Article in Circulation research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association between early menopause and adverse cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis stratified by smoking status and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Obesity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Effects on Inflammation, Immune System, Susceptibility to Viral Infections, and Mortality.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Temporal Effects of Cigarette Smoke and Phytochemical-Based E-Liquid Aerosols on Tracheo-Alveolar Histopathology and the IL-6/TNF-α Molecular Signaling Axis.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Triglyceride-Glucose Index Modifies Mortality Risk Across Body Mass Index Strata in Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis of the MIMIC-IV Database.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Identifying sub-health symptom clusters among urban older adults: exploring associations with Tai Chi exercise and risk of falling.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Association between the urine tobacco metabolite levels and physical health in Chinese primary school students with secondhand smoke exposure.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Association between blood ethylene oxide levels and the prevalence of periodontitis: evidence from NHANES 2013-2014.Clinical oral investigations · 2024Article
- Gut microbial metabolites reveal diet-dependent metabolic changes induced by nicotine administration.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Resistin concentrations in perivascular adipose tissue as a highly sensitive marker of smoking status in patients with advanced coronary artery disease requiring coronary artery bypass grafting.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- The lipolysis inhibitor acipimox reverses the cardiac phenotype induced by electronic cigarettes.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Development and external validation of a diagnostic model for cardiometabolic-based chronic disease : results from the China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS).BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2023Article
- The Pathological Links between Adiposity and the Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.Current issues in molecular biology · 2022Review
- Malnutrition outweighs the effect of the obesity paradox.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2022Observational
- Inverse association between blood ethylene oxide levels and obesity in the general population: NHANES 2013-2016.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Cardiometabolic Morbidity and Mortality with Smoking Cessation, Review of Recommendations for People with Diabetes and Obesity.Current diabetes reports · 2020Review
- Association between triglyceride glucose-body mass index and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the non-obese Chinese population with normal blood lipid levels: a secondary analysis based on a prospective cohort study.Lipids in health and disease · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Xi-Yong YuFrom the Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, China (X.-Y.Y., M.-H.Z.).
Ping SongCenter for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta (P.S., M.-H.Z.). psong@gsu.edu.
Ming-Hui ZouFrom the Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, China (X.-Y.Y., M.-H.Z.).
Funding
Reactive Nitrogen species and Diabetic Endothelial DysfunctionR01HL079584 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE KNOXVILLE · PI ZOU, MING-HUI · 2004 to 2021
$7.3MInflammasome and unstable atherosclerotic plaquesR01HL089920 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HLTH SCIENCES CTR · PI ZOU, MING-HUI · 2008 to 2022
$6.9MAMP-Activated Protein Kinase in DiabetesR01HL080499 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HLTH SCIENCES CTR · PI ZOU, MING-HUI · 2006 to 2019
$5.8MControlling VSMC Proliferation and MigrationR01HL110488 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HLTH SCIENCES CTR · PI ZOU, MING-HUI · 2011 to 2020
$3.9MOxidant stress and diabetic endothelial dysfunctionR01HL074399 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HLTH SCIENCES CTR · PI ZOU, MING-HUI · 2005 to 2013
$3.2MSNRK in ischemic vascular diseasesR01HL142287 · NHLBI · GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY · PI XIE, ZHONGLIN, ZOU, MING-HUI · 2018 to 2022
$3.0MFUNDC1 and diabetic cardiomyopathyR01HL137371 · NHLBI · GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY · PI XIE, ZHONGLIN, ZOU, MING-HUI · 2017 to 2020
$2.8MMKP1, VSMC, and Vascular RemodelingR01HL140954 · NHLBI · GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY · PI SONG, PING, ZOU, MING-HUI · 2018 to 2021
$2.8MAutophagy and VSMC migrationR01HL132500 · NHLBI · GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY · PI XIE, ZHONGLIN, ZOU, MING-HUI · 2016 to 2019
$2.7MSuppression of Autophagy-Dependent Clearance Mitochondria in Type 2 DiabetesR01HL128014 · NHLBI · GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY · PI XIE, ZHONGLIN, ZOU, MING-HUI · 2015 to 2018
$2.4MLiver kinase B1 in angiogenesisR01CA213022 · NCI · GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY · PI ZOU, MING-HUI · 2017 to 2021
$2.3MPrevention of High Fat Diet-Induced Vascular InjuryR01HL105157 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HLTH SCIENCES CTR · PI ZOU, MING-HUI · 2010 to 2014
$1.8MNCI NIH HHS R01 CA213022NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL074399NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL079584NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL080499NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL089920NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL096032NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL105157NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL110488NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL128014NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL132500NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL137371NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL140954NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL142287NIA NIH HHS R01 AG047776
Abstract
PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.
Indexed as
Body Mass IndexBody WeightCardiovascular DiseasesHumansInsulinInsulin ResistanceLipogenesisLipolysisNicotineNicotinic AgonistsNon-SmokersObesitySmokersSmokingSmoking CessationThinnessInsulinNicotineNicotinic Agonistsbody weighthumansinsulin resistancelipolysisnicotine
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Registered trials
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.