ArticleAnnals of emergency medicine2019
Adverse Effects of Immune Checkpoint Therapy in Cancer Patients Visiting the Emergency Department of a Comprehensive Cancer Center.
Article in Annals of emergency medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, and pancreatic adverse events.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Pooled it
- Preexisting autoimmune disease is a risk factor for immune-related adverse events: a meta-analysis.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2021Pooled it
- High-Grade Immune-Related Adverse Events Resulting from Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment: Evaluation of Diagnostics and Outcomes in Admitted Patients.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Novel Systemic Anticancer Treatments and Health Services Use at the End of Life Among Adults With Cancer.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2025Article
- A Real-World Comparison of the Safety Profile for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Oncology Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Pancreatitis associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a pharmacovigilance analysis based on FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Immune-related adverse events in cancer patients referred to the palliative care team of a tertiary care center: a retrospective observational study.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024Observational
- Evaluation of emergency department visits and immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) in patients treated with nivolumab.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024Article
- Myocarditis, Myositis, and Myasthenia Gravis Overlap Syndrome Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Practice Changes in Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Immune-Related Adverse Event Management at a Tertiary Care Center.Cancers · 2024Article
- Immune-related adverse event in the emergency department: methodology of the immune-related emergency disposition index (IrEDi).Emergency cancer care · 2024Article
- Non-specific symptoms as a prodrome of immune-related adverse events in patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving nivolumab: a consecutive analysis of 200 patients.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Review
- Machine Learning Models Using Routinely Collected Clinical Data Offer Robust and Interpretable Predictions of 90-Day Unplanned Acute Care Use for Cancer Immunotherapy Patients.JCO clinical cancer informatics · 2023Article
- An exploratory cross-sectional study of immune checkpoint inhibitors and immuno-related adverse events: Knowledge and influencing factors among Japanese oncology nurses.Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing · 2023Article
- Challenges associated with the integration of immuno-oncology agents in clinical practice.BMC medical education · 2022Article
- Risk factors and predictors of immune-related adverse events: implications for patients with non-small cell lung cancer.Expert review of anticancer therapy · 2022Review
- A nationwide survey among emergency physicians and oncologists to improve the management of immune checkpoint inhibitors toxicity.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2022Article
- An Oncology Urgent Care Clinic for the Management of Immune-Related Adverse Events: A Descriptive Analysis.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2022Article
- Incidence and characteristics of adverse drug reactions in a cohort of patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in real-world practice.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Holistic Approach to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Adverse Events.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectiveCancer immunotherapy is evolving rapidly and is transforming cancer care. During the last decade, immune checkpoint therapies have been developed to enhance the immune response; however, specific adverse effects related to autoimmunity are increasingly apparent. This study aims to fill the knowledge gap related to the spectrum of immune-related adverse effects among cancer patients visiting emergency departments (EDs).
methodsWe performed a retrospective review of patients treated with immune checkpoint therapy who visited the ED of a comprehensive cancer center between March 1, 2011, and February 29, 2016. Immune-related adverse effects from the ED visits were identified and profiled. We analyzed the association of each immune-related adverse effect with overall survival from the ED visit to death.
resultsWe identified 1,026 visits for 628 unique patients; of these, 257 visits (25.0%) were related to one or more immune-related adverse effects. Diarrhea was the most common one leading to an ED visit. The proportions of ED visits associated with diarrhea, hypophysitis, thyroiditis, pancreatitis, or hepatitis varied significantly by immune checkpoint therapy agent. Colitis was significantly associated with better prognosis, whereas pneumonitis was significantly associated with worse survival.
conclusionCancer patients treated with ipilimumab, nivolumab, or pembrolizumab may have a spectrum of immune-related adverse effects that require emergency care. Future studies will need to update this profile as further novel immunotherapeutic agents are added.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.