ArticleEpidemiology and infection2018
Sex and age differences in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in Brazil.
Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in School Contacts of Tuberculosis Cases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Pooled it
- Tuberculosis in Sudan: systematic review and meta analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Gender differences in tuberculosis incidence rates-A pooled analysis of data from seven high-income countries by age group and time period.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Risk Factors for Immunological Sensitization to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Progression to Incident TB Disease Among HIV-uninfected Adults in a High Burden Setting.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Post-TB lung disease: pathogenesis, host-directed therapies, and the C3HeB/FeJ model for pre-clinical advances.Infection and immunity · 2026Review
- Assessment of some hematological and inflammatory parameters among patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis in Ibb governorate, Yemen.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Tuberculosis in Central Asia and Southern Caucasus: A Systematic Literature Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Ecological-level factors associated with tuberculosis incidence and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection among household contacts in inland Bahia, Brazil: a cross-sectional follow-up study.Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina · 2024Article
- Lack of sex- and gender-disaggregated data in diagnostics: findings from a scoping review of five tracer conditions.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Age-period-cohort analysis of pulmonary tuberculosis reported incidence, China, 2006-2020.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2022Article
- The burden and predictors of latent tuberculosis infection among elder adults in high epidemic rural area of tuberculosis in Zhejiang, China.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Association ofFrontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Associations of genetic variants at TAP1 and TAP2 with pulmonary tuberculosis risk among the Chinese population.Epidemiology and infection · 2021Article
- Novel stepwise approach to assess representativeness of a large multicenter observational cohort of tuberculosis patients: The example of RePORT Brazil.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2021Observational
- Prevalence and determinants of TB infection in a rural population in northeastern Myanmar.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Morbidity Trends and Risk of Tuberculosis: Mexico 2007-2017.Canadian respiratory journal · 2019Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Globally, the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) disease is higher in males. This study examined the effect of sex and age on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Demographic and exposure data were collected on household contacts of sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB patients in Brazil. Contacts with tuberculin skin test induration ⩾10 mm at baseline or 12 weeks were considered Mtb infected. The study enrolled 917 household contacts from 160 households; 508 (55.4%) were female, median age was 21.0 years (range 0.30-87.0) and 609 (66.4%) had Mtb infection. The proportion infected increased with age from 63.3% in girls <5 years to 75.4% in women ⩾40 years and from 44.9% in boys <5 years to 73.6% in men ⩾40 years. Multivariable modelling showed the odds of infection increased between age 5 and 14 years among female contacts (OR 1.5 per 5-year age increase; 95% CI 1.1-2.2; P = 0.02) and between ages 0-4 and 15-39 years among male contacts (OR 2.7, 95% CI 0.83-8.9 and 1.1, 95% CI 0.99-1.3 per 5-year age increase; P = 0.10, 0.07, respectively). The study suggests that the age at which Mtb infection increases most is different in females compared with males. Studies are needed to explore whether these findings are due to differences in host susceptibility, exposure outside the household or other factors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.