Trial reportBreastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine
Beyond Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Other Clinical Advantages of an Exclusive Human Milk Diet.
Trial report in Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06072976 (The Influence of Feeding Source on the Gut Microbiome and Time to Full Feeds in Neonates With Congenital Gastrointestinal Pathologies), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Influence of Feeding Source on the Gut Microbiome and Time to Full Feeds in Neonates With Congenital Gastrointestinal Pathologies
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy and heterogeneity: an exclusive human milk diet for necrotizing enterocolitis prevention in very preterm infants-a systematic review and meta-analysis of 11 studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- The Impact of Human Milk on Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Sustaining Breastmilk Expression and Direct Feeding at Breast for Very Low Birth Infants: A Qualitative Exploration of Parental Perspectives.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Article
- Impact of Enteral Nutrition on Clinical Outcomes in Very Low Birth Weight Infants in the NICU: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Benefits of an Exclusive Human Milk Diet in a Very Preterm Infant With an Ileostomy: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- Effect of early establishment of full enteral feeding with exclusive mother's own milk in preterm babies: a retrospective cohort study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Article
- Association between consensus-based nutrition pathway and growth faltering in infants with gastroschisis: A retrospective cohort study.JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 2024Article
- Exclusive Human Milk Diet for Extremely Premature Infants: A Novel Fortification Strategy That Enhances the Bioactive Properties of Fresh, Frozen, and Pasteurized Milk Specimens.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2023Observational
- Dilemmas in human milk fortification.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Review
- Free Fatty Acid and α-Lactalbumin-Oleic Acid Complexes in Preterm Human Milk Are Cytotoxic to Fetal Intestinal CellsFrontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Percent mother's own milk feedings for preterm neonates predicts discharge feeding outcomes.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2021Article
- A clinical appraisal of the different types of enteral nutrition support and humanized nursing among cerebral apoplexy ICU patients on mechanical ventilation.American journal of translational research · 2021Article
- Preterm Infants Fed Cow's Milk-Derived Fortifier Had Adverse Outcomes Despite a Base Diet of Only Mother's Own Milk.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2020Article
- Very preterm infants who receive transitional formulas as a complement to human milk can achieve catch-up growth.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2019Article
- Growth, Feeding Tolerance and Metabolism in Extreme Preterm Infants under an Exclusive Human Milk Diet.Nutrients · 2019Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveArticles previously published by Sullivan et al. and Cristofalo et al. were reanalyzed using the proportion of cow milk-based nutrition received to determine whether that affected clinical outcomes during hospitalization for infants birth weight 500-1250 g. Abrams et al. showed in the same cohort incidences of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), NEC requiring surgery and sepsis increased proportionally to the amount of dietary cow milk.
methodsThe data from the two studies conducted under essentially the same protocol were combined yielding a cohort of 260 infants receiving a diet ranging from 0% to 100% cow milk. Data analysis utilized negative binomial regression which mitigates differences between subjects in terms of their time on study by incorporating that number into the statistical model. The percent of cow milk-based nutrition was the only predictor investigated.
resultsFor all outcomes the larger the amount of cow's milk in the diet the greater the number of days of that intervention required. A trend toward statistical significance was seen for ventilator days; however, only parenteral nutrition (PN) days and days to full feeds achieved statistical significance.
conclusionsIncorporation of any cow milk-based nutrition into the diet of extremely premature infants correlates with more days on PN and a longer time to achieve full feeds. There was a nonstatistically significant trend toward increased ventilator days. These represent additional clinical consequences of the use of any cow milk-based protein in feeding EP infants.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.