Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29876695›Full record

ArticleBreast cancer research and treatment2018

Machine-learning-derived classifier predicts absence of persistent pain after breast cancer surgery with high accuracy.

Jörn Lötsch, Reetta Sipilä, Tiina Tasmuth, Dario Kringel, Ann-Mari Estlander, Tuomo Meretoja, Eija Kalso, Alfred Ultsch

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Breast cancer research and treatment, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
9.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Moving towards the use of artificial intelligence in pain management.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2025
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  5. Optimizing pain management in breast cancer care: Utilizing 'All of Us' data and deep learning to identify patients at elevated risk for chronic pain.Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing · 2025
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  11. Artificial intelligence in breast cancer: application and future perspectives.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Jörn LötschInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe - University, Theodor - Stern - Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. j.loetsch@em.uni-frankfurt.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5818-6958
Reetta SipiläPain Clinic, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Tiina TasmuthPain Clinic, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Dario KringelInstitute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe - University, Theodor - Stern - Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Ann-Mari EstlanderPain Clinic, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Tuomo MeretojaBreast Surgery Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Eija KalsoPain Clinic, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Alfred UltschDataBionics Research Group, University of Marburg, Hans - Meerwein - Straße, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
University of Helsinki · FIGoethe University Frankfurt · DEPhilipps University of Marburg · DE

Funding

Seventh Framework Programme 602919
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPrevention of persistent pain following breast cancer surgery, via early identification of patients at high risk, is a clinical need. Supervised machine-learning was used to identify parameters that predict persistence of significant pain.

methodsOver 500 demographic, clinical and psychological parameters were acquired up to 6 months after surgery from 1,000 women (aged 28-75 years) who were treated for breast cancer. Pain was assessed using an 11-point numerical rating scale before surgery and at months 1, 6, 12, 24, and 36. The ratings at months 12, 24, and 36 were used to allocate patents to either "persisting pain" or "non-persisting pain" groups. Unsupervised machine learning was applied to map the parameters to these diagnoses.

resultsA symbolic rule-based classifier tool was created that comprised 21 single or aggregated parameters, including demographic features, psychological and pain-related parameters, forming a questionnaire with "yes/no" items (decision rules). If at least 10 of the 21 rules applied, persisting pain was predicted at a cross-validated accuracy of 86% and a negative predictive value of approximately 95%.

conclusionsThe present machine-learned analysis showed that, even with a large set of parameters acquired from a large cohort, early identification of these patients is only partly successful. This indicates that more parameters are needed for accurate prediction of persisting pain. However, with the current parameters it is possible, with a certainty of almost 95%, to exclude the possibility of persistent pain developing in a woman being treated for breast cancer.

Indexed as

Machine LearningAdultAgedBreast NeoplasmsFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMastectomyMiddle AgedPostoperative PainPrognosisReproducibility of ResultsRisk FactorsSupervised Machine LearningTime FactorsBioinformaticsChronificationData sciencePain

Identifiers

PMID29876695
PMCPMC6096884
OpenAlexW2806151371

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.