ArticleNeurology2018
Hypertension and intracerebral hemorrhage recurrence among white, black, and Hispanic individuals.
Open access · bronzeAbstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph
Article in Neurology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Racial and ethnic differences in restarting antiplatelet therapy in patients with primary intracranial hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Tale of Two Cities: narrative review of oxygen.F1000Research · 2023Pooled it
- Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Blood Pressure Control Before and After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Trends and Disparities in Hemorrhagic Stroke and Hypertension-Related Mortality in the United States From 1999 to 2023: A CDC WONDER Database Analysis.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Triple Antihypertensive Medication Prediction Score After Intracerebral Hemorrhage (the TRICH Score).Neurology · 2025Article
- Hypertension control after intracerebral hemorrhage among varying small vessel disease etiologies.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Long-Term Outcomes in Patients With Spontaneous Cerebellar Hemorrhage: An International Cohort Study.Stroke · 2024Article
- Addressing disparities in the global epidemiology of stroke.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2024Review
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Risk of Ischemic Stroke After Nontraumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Stroke · 2023Article
- Scoping Review of Racial, Ethnic, and Sex Disparities in the Diagnosis and Management of Hemorrhagic Stroke.Neurology · 2023Article
- Social Determinants of Health and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Is Epigenetics a Key Mediator?Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Review
- Association of Depression Onset and Treatment With Blood Pressure Control After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Stroke · 2023Article
- Lobar intracerebral hemorrhage and risk of subsequent uncontrolled blood pressure.European stroke journal · 2022Article
- Review
- Social Determinants of Health Attenuate the Relationship Between Race and Ethnicity and White Matter Hyperintensity Severity but not Microbleed Presence in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Neurocritical care · 2022Observational
- Review
- Biological and Social Determinants of Hypertension Severity Before vs After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Neurology · 2022Article
- Long-Term Blood Pressure Variability and Major Adverse Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Article
- Latent profile analysis of cognitive decline and depressive symptoms after intracerebral hemorrhage.BMC neurology · 2021Article
- Impact of Uncontrolled Hypertension at 3 Months After Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
28 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Axana Rodriguez-TorresFrom the University of California Irvine School of Medicine (A.R.-T.); Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, K.S., A.M.A., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), and Department of Neurology (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (C.J.M., S.Y.K., M. Flaherty, D.W.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology (J.V.B.), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (M.L.J.), Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.B.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Department of Neurology (G.Y.S.), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (G.P.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore; Department of Neurology (A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (K.N.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (C. Kidwell), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University of Miami Health System, FL; Department of Neurology (M. Frankel), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences (C.D.L.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation (F.D.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.
Meredith MurphyFrom the University of California Irvine School of Medicine (A.R.-T.); Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, K.S., A.M.A., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), and Department of Neurology (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (C.J.M., S.Y.K., M. Flaherty, D.W.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology (J.V.B.), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (M.L.J.), Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.B.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Department of Neurology (G.Y.S.), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (G.P.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore; Department of Neurology (A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (K.N.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (C. Kidwell), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University of Miami Health System, FL; Department of Neurology (M. Frankel), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences (C.D.L.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation (F.D.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.
Christina KourkoulisFrom the University of California Irvine School of Medicine (A.R.-T.); Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, K.S., A.M.A., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), and Department of Neurology (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (C.J.M., S.Y.K., M. Flaherty, D.W.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology (J.V.B.), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (M.L.J.), Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.B.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Department of Neurology (G.Y.S.), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (G.P.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore; Department of Neurology (A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (K.N.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (C. Kidwell), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University of Miami Health System, FL; Department of Neurology (M. Frankel), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences (C.D.L.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation (F.D.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.
Kristin SchwabFrom the University of California Irvine School of Medicine (A.R.-T.); Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, K.S., A.M.A., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), and Department of Neurology (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (C.J.M., S.Y.K., M. Flaherty, D.W.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology (J.V.B.), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (M.L.J.), Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.B.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Department of Neurology (G.Y.S.), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (G.P.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore; Department of Neurology (A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (K.N.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (C. Kidwell), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University of Miami Health System, FL; Department of Neurology (M. Frankel), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences (C.D.L.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation (F.D.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.
Alison M AyresFrom the University of California Irvine School of Medicine (A.R.-T.); Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, K.S., A.M.A., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), and Department of Neurology (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (C.J.M., S.Y.K., M. Flaherty, D.W.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology (J.V.B.), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (M.L.J.), Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.B.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Department of Neurology (G.Y.S.), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (G.P.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore; Department of Neurology (A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (K.N.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (C. Kidwell), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University of Miami Health System, FL; Department of Neurology (M. Frankel), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences (C.D.L.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation (F.D.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.
Charles J MoomawFrom the University of California Irvine School of Medicine (A.R.-T.); Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, K.S., A.M.A., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), and Department of Neurology (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (C.J.M., S.Y.K., M. Flaherty, D.W.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology (J.V.B.), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (M.L.J.), Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.B.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Department of Neurology (G.Y.S.), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (G.P.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore; Department of Neurology (A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (K.N.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (C. Kidwell), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University of Miami Health System, FL; Department of Neurology (M. Frankel), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences (C.D.L.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation (F.D.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.
Soo Young KwonFrom the University of California Irvine School of Medicine (A.R.-T.); Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, K.S., A.M.A., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), and Department of Neurology (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (C.J.M., S.Y.K., M. Flaherty, D.W.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology (J.V.B.), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (M.L.J.), Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.B.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Department of Neurology (G.Y.S.), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (G.P.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore; Department of Neurology (A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (K.N.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (C. Kidwell), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University of Miami Health System, FL; Department of Neurology (M. Frankel), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences (C.D.L.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation (F.D.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.
Jimmy V BerthaudFrom the University of California Irvine School of Medicine (A.R.-T.); Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, K.S., A.M.A., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), and Department of Neurology (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (C.J.M., S.Y.K., M. Flaherty, D.W.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology (J.V.B.), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (M.L.J.), Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.B.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Department of Neurology (G.Y.S.), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (G.P.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore; Department of Neurology (A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (K.N.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (C. Kidwell), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University of Miami Health System, FL; Department of Neurology (M. Frankel), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences (C.D.L.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation (F.D.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.
M Edip GurolFrom the University of California Irvine School of Medicine (A.R.-T.); Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, K.S., A.M.A., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), and Department of Neurology (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (C.J.M., S.Y.K., M. Flaherty, D.W.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology (J.V.B.), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (M.L.J.), Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.B.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Department of Neurology (G.Y.S.), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (G.P.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore; Department of Neurology (A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (K.N.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (C. Kidwell), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University of Miami Health System, FL; Department of Neurology (M. Frankel), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences (C.D.L.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation (F.D.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.
Steven M GreenbergFrom the University of California Irvine School of Medicine (A.R.-T.); Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, K.S., A.M.A., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), and Department of Neurology (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (C.J.M., S.Y.K., M. Flaherty, D.W.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology (J.V.B.), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (M.L.J.), Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.B.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Department of Neurology (G.Y.S.), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (G.P.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore; Department of Neurology (A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (K.N.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (C. Kidwell), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University of Miami Health System, FL; Department of Neurology (M. Frankel), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences (C.D.L.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation (F.D.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.
Anand ViswanathanFrom the University of California Irvine School of Medicine (A.R.-T.); Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, K.S., A.M.A., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), and Department of Neurology (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (C.J.M., S.Y.K., M. Flaherty, D.W.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology (J.V.B.), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (M.L.J.), Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.B.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Department of Neurology (G.Y.S.), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (G.P.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore; Department of Neurology (A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (K.N.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (C. Kidwell), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University of Miami Health System, FL; Department of Neurology (M. Frankel), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences (C.D.L.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation (F.D.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.
Christopher D AndersonFrom the University of California Irvine School of Medicine (A.R.-T.); Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, K.S., A.M.A., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), and Department of Neurology (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (C.J.M., S.Y.K., M. Flaherty, D.W.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology (J.V.B.), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (M.L.J.), Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.B.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Department of Neurology (G.Y.S.), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (G.P.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore; Department of Neurology (A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (K.N.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (C. Kidwell), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University of Miami Health System, FL; Department of Neurology (M. Frankel), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences (C.D.L.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation (F.D.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.
Matthew FlahertyFrom the University of California Irvine School of Medicine (A.R.-T.); Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, K.S., A.M.A., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), and Department of Neurology (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (C.J.M., S.Y.K., M. Flaherty, D.W.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology (J.V.B.), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (M.L.J.), Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.B.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Department of Neurology (G.Y.S.), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (G.P.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore; Department of Neurology (A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (K.N.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (C. Kidwell), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University of Miami Health System, FL; Department of Neurology (M. Frankel), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences (C.D.L.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation (F.D.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.
Michael L JamesFrom the University of California Irvine School of Medicine (A.R.-T.); Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, K.S., A.M.A., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), and Department of Neurology (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (C.J.M., S.Y.K., M. Flaherty, D.W.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology (J.V.B.), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (M.L.J.), Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.B.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Department of Neurology (G.Y.S.), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (G.P.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore; Department of Neurology (A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (K.N.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (C. Kidwell), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University of Miami Health System, FL; Department of Neurology (M. Frankel), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences (C.D.L.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation (F.D.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.
Lee BirnbaumFrom the University of California Irvine School of Medicine (A.R.-T.); Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, K.S., A.M.A., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), and Department of Neurology (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (C.J.M., S.Y.K., M. Flaherty, D.W.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology (J.V.B.), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (M.L.J.), Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.B.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Department of Neurology (G.Y.S.), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (G.P.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore; Department of Neurology (A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (K.N.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (C. Kidwell), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University of Miami Health System, FL; Department of Neurology (M. Frankel), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences (C.D.L.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation (F.D.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.
Gene Yong SungFrom the University of California Irvine School of Medicine (A.R.-T.); Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, K.S., A.M.A., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), and Department of Neurology (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (C.J.M., S.Y.K., M. Flaherty, D.W.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology (J.V.B.), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (M.L.J.), Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.B.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Department of Neurology (G.Y.S.), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (G.P.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore; Department of Neurology (A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (K.N.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (C. Kidwell), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University of Miami Health System, FL; Department of Neurology (M. Frankel), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences (C.D.L.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation (F.D.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.
Gunjan ParikhFrom the University of California Irvine School of Medicine (A.R.-T.); Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, K.S., A.M.A., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), and Department of Neurology (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (C.J.M., S.Y.K., M. Flaherty, D.W.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology (J.V.B.), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (M.L.J.), Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.B.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Department of Neurology (G.Y.S.), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (G.P.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore; Department of Neurology (A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (K.N.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (C. Kidwell), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University of Miami Health System, FL; Department of Neurology (M. Frankel), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences (C.D.L.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation (F.D.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.
Amelia K BoehmeFrom the University of California Irvine School of Medicine (A.R.-T.); Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, K.S., A.M.A., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), and Department of Neurology (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (C.J.M., S.Y.K., M. Flaherty, D.W.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology (J.V.B.), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (M.L.J.), Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.B.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Department of Neurology (G.Y.S.), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (G.P.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore; Department of Neurology (A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (K.N.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (C. Kidwell), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University of Miami Health System, FL; Department of Neurology (M. Frankel), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences (C.D.L.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation (F.D.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.
Douglas MaysonFrom the University of California Irvine School of Medicine (A.R.-T.); Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, K.S., A.M.A., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), and Department of Neurology (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (C.J.M., S.Y.K., M. Flaherty, D.W.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology (J.V.B.), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (M.L.J.), Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.B.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Department of Neurology (G.Y.S.), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (G.P.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore; Department of Neurology (A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (K.N.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (C. Kidwell), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University of Miami Health System, FL; Department of Neurology (M. Frankel), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences (C.D.L.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation (F.D.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.
Kevin N ShethFrom the University of California Irvine School of Medicine (A.R.-T.); Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, K.S., A.M.A., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), and Department of Neurology (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (C.J.M., S.Y.K., M. Flaherty, D.W.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology (J.V.B.), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (M.L.J.), Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.B.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Department of Neurology (G.Y.S.), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (G.P.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore; Department of Neurology (A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (K.N.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (C. Kidwell), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University of Miami Health System, FL; Department of Neurology (M. Frankel), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences (C.D.L.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation (F.D.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.
Chelsea KidwellFrom the University of California Irvine School of Medicine (A.R.-T.); Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, K.S., A.M.A., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), and Department of Neurology (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (C.J.M., S.Y.K., M. Flaherty, D.W.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology (J.V.B.), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (M.L.J.), Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.B.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Department of Neurology (G.Y.S.), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (G.P.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore; Department of Neurology (A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (K.N.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (C. Kidwell), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University of Miami Health System, FL; Department of Neurology (M. Frankel), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences (C.D.L.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation (F.D.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.
Sebastian KochFrom the University of California Irvine School of Medicine (A.R.-T.); Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, K.S., A.M.A., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), and Department of Neurology (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (C.J.M., S.Y.K., M. Flaherty, D.W.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology (J.V.B.), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (M.L.J.), Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.B.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Department of Neurology (G.Y.S.), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (G.P.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore; Department of Neurology (A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (K.N.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (C. Kidwell), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University of Miami Health System, FL; Department of Neurology (M. Frankel), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences (C.D.L.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation (F.D.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.
Michael FrankelFrom the University of California Irvine School of Medicine (A.R.-T.); Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, K.S., A.M.A., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), and Department of Neurology (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (C.J.M., S.Y.K., M. Flaherty, D.W.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology (J.V.B.), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (M.L.J.), Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.B.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Department of Neurology (G.Y.S.), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (G.P.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore; Department of Neurology (A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (K.N.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (C. Kidwell), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University of Miami Health System, FL; Department of Neurology (M. Frankel), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences (C.D.L.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation (F.D.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.
Carl D LangefeldFrom the University of California Irvine School of Medicine (A.R.-T.); Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, K.S., A.M.A., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), and Department of Neurology (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (C.J.M., S.Y.K., M. Flaherty, D.W.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology (J.V.B.), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (M.L.J.), Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.B.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Department of Neurology (G.Y.S.), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (G.P.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore; Department of Neurology (A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (K.N.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (C. Kidwell), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University of Miami Health System, FL; Department of Neurology (M. Frankel), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences (C.D.L.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation (F.D.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.
Fernando D TestaiFrom the University of California Irvine School of Medicine (A.R.-T.); Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, K.S., A.M.A., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), and Department of Neurology (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (C.J.M., S.Y.K., M. Flaherty, D.W.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology (J.V.B.), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (M.L.J.), Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.B.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Department of Neurology (G.Y.S.), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (G.P.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore; Department of Neurology (A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (K.N.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (C. Kidwell), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University of Miami Health System, FL; Department of Neurology (M. Frankel), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences (C.D.L.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation (F.D.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.
Daniel WooFrom the University of California Irvine School of Medicine (A.R.-T.); Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, K.S., A.M.A., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), and Department of Neurology (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (C.J.M., S.Y.K., M. Flaherty, D.W.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology (J.V.B.), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (M.L.J.), Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.B.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Department of Neurology (G.Y.S.), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (G.P.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore; Department of Neurology (A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (K.N.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (C. Kidwell), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University of Miami Health System, FL; Department of Neurology (M. Frankel), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences (C.D.L.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation (F.D.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.
Jonathan RosandFrom the University of California Irvine School of Medicine (A.R.-T.); Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, K.S., A.M.A., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), and Department of Neurology (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (C.J.M., S.Y.K., M. Flaherty, D.W.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology (J.V.B.), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (M.L.J.), Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.B.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Department of Neurology (G.Y.S.), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (G.P.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore; Department of Neurology (A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (K.N.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (C. Kidwell), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University of Miami Health System, FL; Department of Neurology (M. Frankel), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences (C.D.L.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation (F.D.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine.
Alessandro BiffiFrom the University of California Irvine School of Medicine (A.R.-T.); Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, K.S., A.M.A., M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), and Department of Neurology (A.R.-T., M.M., C. Kourkoulis, M.E.G., S.M.G., A.V., C.D.A., J.R., A.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine (C.J.M., S.Y.K., M. Flaherty, D.W.), University of Cincinnati, OH; Department of Neurology (J.V.B.), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville; Department of Neurology (M.L.J.), Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (L.B.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Department of Neurology (G.Y.S.), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (G.P.), University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore; Department of Neurology (A.K.B.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (D.M.), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (K.N.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Neurology (C. Kidwell), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson; Department of Neurology (S.K.), University of Miami Health System, FL; Department of Neurology (M. Frankel), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Department of Biostatistical Sciences (C.D.L.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; and Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation (F.D.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine. abiffi@partners.org.
Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute · IN
Funding
Ethnic/Racial Variation in Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ERICH)U01NS069763 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI · PI ANDERSON, CHRISTOPHER DAVID, DEMEL, STACIE · 2010 to 2024
$34.2MSpecialized Programs of Translational Research in Acute Stroke at the PartnersP50NS051343 · NINDS · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI ROSAND, JONATHAN · 2006 to 2013
$17.5MRecurrent Hemorrhagic Stroke in Minority PopulationsR01NS093870 · NINDS · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI JONATHAN ROSAND, Amytis Towfighi · 2016 to 2026
$12.3MNeuroscience Resident Research ProgramR25NS065743 · NINDS · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI CASH, SYDNEY S, WILLIAMS, ZIV · 2009 to 2023
$11.8MVascular Dysfunction in Cerebral Amyloid AngiopathyR01AG026484 · NIA · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI GREENBERG, STEVEN M · 2005 to 2019
$7.5MApathy and Depression following Intracerebral HemorrhageK23NS100816 · NINDS · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI BIFFI, ALESSANDRO · 2017 to 2021
$1.0MNIA NIH HHS R01 AG026484NINDS NIH HHS K23 NS100816NINDS NIH HHS P50 NS051343NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS093870NINDS NIH HHS R25 NS065743NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS069763
Abstract
objectiveTo clarify whether recurrence risk for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is higher among black and Hispanic individuals and whether this disparity is attributable to differences in blood pressure (BP) measurements and their variability.
methodsWe analyzed data from survivors of primary ICH enrolled in 2 separate studies: (1) the longitudinal study conducted at Massachusetts General Hospital (n = 759), and (2) the ERICH (Ethnic/Racial Variations of Intracerebral Hemorrhage) study (n = 1,532). Participants underwent structured interview at enrollment (including self-report of race/ethnicity) and were followed longitudinally via phone calls and review of medical records. We captured systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP measurements, and quantified variability as SBP and diastolic BP variation coefficients. We used multivariable (Cox regression) survival analysis to identify risk factors for ICH recurrence.
resultsWe followed 2,291 ICH survivors (1,121 white, 529 black, 605 Hispanic, and 36 of other race/ethnicity). Both black and Hispanic patients displayed higher SBP during follow-up (
conclusionBlack and Hispanic patients are at higher risk of ICH recurrence; hypertension severity (average BP and its variability) does not fully account for this finding. Additional studies will be required to further elucidate determinants for this health disparity.
Indexed as
AdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overBlack or African AmericanCerebral HemorrhageFemaleHispanic or LatinoHumansHypertensionLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedPain MeasurementRisk FactorsWhite People
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