Observational studyAmerican journal of respiratory and critical care medicine2018
Longitudinal Phenotypes and Mortality in Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry in the COPDGene Study.
Observational study in American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 205 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
205 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Definitions of early COPD and predictors for disease progression: a systematic review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Pooled it
- Incidence and Risk Factors for Progression from Pre-COPD to COPD: A Systematic Review and Meta‑analysis.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- GOLD Science Committee recommendations for the use of pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry for the diagnosis of COPD.The European respiratory journal · 2025Guideline
- Association of preserved ratio impaired spirometry with mortality and cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Genome-wide association study of preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm).The European respiratory journal · 2024Pooled it
- Association of preserved ratio impaired spirometry with mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2023Pooled it
- Significant Spirometric Transitions and Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry Among Ever Smokers.Chest · 2022Trial
- Feasibility of opportunistic screening for preserved ratio impaired spirometry using chest radiography-based deep learning models.European journal of radiology open · 2026Article
- An Italian regional analysis on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): correct diagnosis and lifestyle play a fundamental role in supporting drug therapy and containing healthcare costs.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Observational
- Low appendicular muscle mass and the risk of COPD development in people with PRISm.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Automated 3D chest CT muscle segmentation-derived model development and explanation in discrimination of normal, preserved ratio impaired spirometry, and COPD: a multicenter study.Insights into imaging · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of dyspnoea and exercise intolerance in smokers with preserved ratio impaired spirometry.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Prevalence, longitudinal trajectory, and mortality of preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) in a Thai hospital-based cohort study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Borderline Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second to Forced Vital Capacity and Low Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second Predict Disease Progression in High-Risk Populations With COPD.Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Miami, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Beyond airway obstruction: restrictive lung physiology as an independent risk factor for lung cancer in tuberculosis survivors.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2026Article
- Preserved ratio impaired spirometry, plasma proteomics, and incident heart failure.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Prevalence of PRISm and COPD and associated factors in a university medical centre spirometry unit: a cross-sectional analysis.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Applying spirometry phenotypes to a longitudinal cohort born very preterm.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Article
- A Brief History of COPD: As Told by Some of Its Senior Scientists and Clinicians.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
145 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleIncreasing awareness of the prevalence and significance of Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry (PRISm), alternatively known as restrictive or Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD)-unclassified spirometry, has expanded the body of knowledge on cross-sectional risk factors. However, longitudinal studies of PRISm remain limited.
objectivesTo examine longitudinal patterns of change in lung function, radiographic characteristics, and mortality of current and former smokers with PRISm.
methodsCurrent and former smokers, aged 45 to 80 years, were enrolled in COPDGene (phase 1, 2008-2011) and returned for a 5-year follow-up (phase 2, 2012-2016). Subjects completed questionnaires, spirometry, chest computed tomography scans, and 6-minute-walk tests at both study visits. Baseline characteristics, longitudinal change in lung function, and mortality were assessed by post-bronchodilator lung function categories: PRISm (FEV MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN
resultsAlthough the prevalence of PRISm was consistent (12.4-12.5%) at phases 1 and 2, subjects with PRISm exhibited substantial rates of transition to and from other lung function categories. Among subjects with PRISm at phase 1, 22.2% transitioned to GOLD0 and 25.1% progressed to GOLD1-4 at phase 2. Subjects with PRISm at both phase 1 and phase 2 had reduced rates of FEV
conclusionsPRISm is highly prevalent, is associated with increased mortality, and represents a transitional state for significant subgroups of subjects. Additional studies to characterize longitudinal progression in PRISm are warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.