ReviewOncoimmunology
Trial Watch: Immunostimulation with recombinant cytokines for cancer therapy.
Review in Oncoimmunology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Biomarkers and Underlying Mechanisms of Mitochondrial and Programmed Cell Death Related Genes in Epilepsy by Combining Transcriptome and Single-Cell Sequencing.Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society · 2026Article
- Effect ofImmunotherapy · 2025Review
- New approach methodologies to assess wanted and unwanted drugs-induced immunostimulation.Current research in toxicology · 2025Article
- Targeting cytokine and chemokine signaling pathways for cancer therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Extramedullary hematopoiesis in cancer.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Targeted demethylation and activation ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Multiple Protein Biomarkers and Different Treatment Strategies for Colorectal Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Prospective.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- "Cold" colorectal cancer faces a bottleneck in immunotherapy.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2023Review
- Plants against cancer: the immune-boosting herbal microbiome: not of the plant, but in the plant. Basic concepts, introduction, and future resource for vaccine adjuvant discovery.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Global Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Cancer Patients and its Treatment: A Systematic Review.Clinical complementary medicine and pharmacology · 2022Review
- Direct and indirect effects of IFN-α2b in malignancy treatment: not only an archer but also an arrow.Biomarker research · 2022Review
- A Micro-Immunotherapy Sequential Medicine MIM-seq Displays Immunomodulatory Effects on Human Macrophages and Anti-Tumor Properties towards In Vitro 2D and 3D Models of Colon Carcinoma and in an In Vivo Subcutaneous Xenograft Colon Carcinoma Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Cellular Landscaping of COVID-19 and Gynaecological Cancers: An Infrequent Correlation.Journal of oncology · 2022Review
- Current Advances in PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade in Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Nanomaterials-Mediated Immunomodulation for Cancer Therapeutics.Frontiers in chemistry · 2021Review
- Humanized Mouse Models for the Advancement of Innate Lymphoid Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Immunotherapies in ovarian cancer.EJC supplements : EJC : official journal of EORTC, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer ... [et al.] · 2020Article
- IL15 synergizes with radiotherapy to reprogram the tumor immune contexture through a dendritic cell connection.Oncoimmunology · 2020Review
- Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment: Promising Future Prospects.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cytokines regulate virtually aspects of innate and adaptive immunity, including the initiation, execution and extinction of tumor-targeting immune responses. Over the past three decades, the possibility of using recombinant cytokines as a means to elicit or boost clinically relevant anticancer immune responses has attracted considerable attention. However, only three cytokines have been approved so far by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for use in cancer patients, namely, recombinant interleukin (IL)-2 and two variants of recombinant interferon alpha 2 (IFN-α2a and IFN-α2b). Moreover, the use of these cytokines in the clinics is steadily decreasing, mostly as a consequence of: (1) the elevated pleiotropism of IL-2, IFN-α2a and IFN-α2b, resulting in multiple unwarranted effects; and (2) the development of highly effective immunostimulatory therapeutics, such as immune checkpoint blockers. Despite this and other obstacles, research in the field continues as alternative cytokines with restricted effects on specific cell populations are being evaluated. Here, we summarize research preclinical and clinical developments on the use of recombinant cytokines for immunostimulation in cancer patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.