ArticleOncoimmunology
RANKL blockade improves efficacy of PD1-PD-L1 blockade or dual PD1-PD-L1 and CTLA4 blockade in mouse models of cancer.
Article in Oncoimmunology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 3: PD-L1, Intracellular Signaling Pathways and Tumor Microenvironment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 5: Epigenetic Regulation of PD-L1.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 4: Experimental Treatments in Pre-Clinical Studies (Cell Lines and Mouse Models).International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Dissociated skeletal response to first-line immunotherapy in synchronous bone metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients: Clinical profiles and survival benefit of denosumab adjunction.Journal of bone oncology · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of combined RANKL and PD-1 inhibitors in bone metastases: a retrospective study.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Metastatic melanoma with heterologous bone after neoadjuvant immunotherapy: diagnostic insights.Pathologica · 2026Article
- Impact of bone-targeting agents on the clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab: a sub-analysis of the Meet-URO 15 study.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Comparative efficacy of bone-modifying agents in the treatment of lung cancer bone metastases: immunotherapy era.Future oncology (London, England) · 2025Article
- RANKL/PD-1 dual blockade demonstrates survival benefit for patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma harboring KRAS mutations.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Efficacy and immune-related adverse events of pembrolizumab with bone-modifying agents in female patients with breast cancer.The oncologist · 2025Article
- Expression of the TIGIT axis and the CD39/CD73 purinergic pathway in bone metastasis-derived immune cells.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy in the Fight Against Bone Metastases: A Review of Recent Developments and Challenges.Current treatment options in oncology · 2024Review
- Synergistic effect between denosumab and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI)? A retrospective study of 268 patients with ICI and bone metastases.Journal of bone oncology · 2024Article
- Circulating receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) levels predict response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- New genetic insights into immunotherapy outcomes in gastric cancer via single-cell RNA sequencing and random forest model.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Article
- Immune Modulation with RANKL Blockade through Denosumab Treatment in Patients with Cancer.Cancer immunology research · 2024Article
- The Expression Patterns of Immune Checkpoint Molecules in Colorectal Cancer: An Analysis Based on Microsatellite Status.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Targeting the NF-κB pathway as a potential regulator of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Review
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and its receptor RANK, are members of the tumor necrosis factor and receptor superfamilies, respectively. Antibodies targeting RANKL have recently been evaluated in combination with anti-CTLA4 in case reports of human melanoma and mouse models of cancer. However, the efficacy of anti-RANKL in combination with antibodies targeting other immune checkpoint receptors such as PD1 has not been reported. In this study, we demonstrated that blockade of RANKL improves anti-metastatic activity of antibodies targeting PD1/PD-L1 and improves subcutaneous growth suppression in mouse models of melanoma, prostate and colon cancer. Suppression of experimental lung metastasis following combination anti-RANKL with anti-PD1 requires NK cells and IFN-γ, whereas subcutaneous tumor growth suppression with this combination therapy is attenuated in the absence of T cells and IFN-γ. Furthermore, addition of anti-RANKL to anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 resulted in superior anti-tumor responses, irrespective of the ability of anti-CTLA4 isotype to engage activating FcR, and concurrent or delayed RANKL blockade was most effective. Early-during-treatment assessment reveals this triple combination therapy compared to dual anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 combination therapy further increased the proportion of tumor-infiltrating CD4
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.