ReviewFrontiers in immunology2018
Past Life and Future Effects-How Heterologous Infections Alter Immunity to Influenza Viruses.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- The ageing immune system and its battle with viruses.The Journal of general virology · 2026Review
- Integrated drivers of basal and acute immunity in diverse human populations.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Update on the Efficacy of Vaccination on Host Immunity to Influenza Virus Infection.International archives of allergy and immunology · 2026Review
- Suppression and resurgence: the evolving epidemiology of seasonal influenza from 2015 to 2024 in a core urban district of Beijing, China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Swine influenza A replicon particle and live attenuated influenza virus vaccines induce differential systemic and mucosal antibody and T cell responses.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Review
- Bioengineered Bovine Papillomavirus L1 Protein Virus-like Particle (VLP) Vaccines for Enhanced Induction of CD8 T Cell Responses through Cross-Priming.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Cross-Reactive T Cell Response Exists in Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection upon Pichinde Virus Challenge.Viruses · 2022Article
- Assessment of influenza A (H1N1, H3N2) oseltamivir resistance during 2017-2019 in Iran.Iranian journal of microbiology · 2022Article
- Effect of cellular aging on memory T-cell homeostasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Review
- Review
- Mapping Influenza-Induced Posttranslational Modifications on Histones from CD8+ T Cells.Viruses · 2020Article
- A Cell for the Ages: Human γδ T Cells across the Lifespan.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Review
- Distinct Chronic Post-Viral Lung Diseases upon Infection with Influenza or Parainfluenza Viruses Differentially Impact Superinfection Outcome.The American journal of pathology · 2020Article
- Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in Mice and Humans: Towards a Quantitative Ecology.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Review
- Flu DRiPs in MHC Class I Immunosurveillance.Virologica Sinica · 2019Review
- Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment of HCV Infection Does Not Resolve the Dysfunction of Circulating CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Heterologous Immunity: Role in Natural and Vaccine-Induced Resistance to Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Influenza virus frequently mutates due to its error-prone polymerase. This feature contributes to influenza virus's ability to evade pre-existing immunity, leading to annual epidemics and periodic pandemics. T cell memory plays a key protective role in the face of an antigenically distinct influenza virus strain because T cell targets are often derived from conserved internal proteins, whereas humoral immunity targets are often sites of increased mutation rates that are tolerated by the virus. Most studies of influenza T cell memory are conducted in naive, specific pathogen free mice and do not account for repetitive influenza infection throughout a lifetime, sequential acute heterologous infections between influenza infections, or heterologous chronic co-infections. By contrast to these mouse models, humans often experience numerous influenza infections, encounter heterologous acute infections between influenza infections, and are infected with at least one chronic virus. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the effects of heterologous infections on the establishment and maintenance of CD8+ T cell immunological memory. Understanding the various factors that affect immune memory can provide insights into the development of more effective vaccines and increase reproducibility of translational studies between animal models and clinical results.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.