ArticleEmerging microbes & infections2018
Risk factors for extrapulmonary dissemination of tuberculosis and associated mortality during treatment for extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Article in Emerging microbes & infections, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 147 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mortality and associated factors among patients with TB-HIV co-infection in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Epidemiology of tuberculous lymphadenitis in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Gastrointestinal tuberculosis: A systematic review of epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis and treatment.Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology AssociationPooled it
- Clinical Characteristics of People With Extrapulmonary and Disseminated Tuberculosis: A 23-Year Retrospective Cohort Study in People Without HIV Without Pharmacological Immunosuppression.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Epidemiology of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, Alameda County, California, 2010-2021.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2026Article
- Occurrence of drug resistance, associated risk factors, and expression of cytokine IL-33 in human TB patients.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- A survey of respiratory physicians on investigating and managing tuberculous pleuritis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Age-Stratified Effects of Diabetes Mellitus on Central Nervous System Tuberculosis Risk and Combined Effects with Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- The catastrophic financial burden of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and asset index-based inequality analysis: A prospective cohort study analysing patients' impoverishment.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- How do social network models compare to all-to-all models for forecasting tuberculosis epidemics? A mathematical modeling study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors Associated with Tuberculosis Mortality in Hamadan Province, Iran.Journal of research in health sciences · 2025Article
- Accelerating extrapulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis with a rapid molecular assay.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Musculoskeletal Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Lagos, Nigeria.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Comparison of uveitis manifestations in patients with active systemic tuberculosis and those with positive interferon-gamma release assay without active disease.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Magnitude of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and its associated factors among TB suspected patients at Wolkite University specialized hospital in central Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Distinct Clinical Features of Extrapulmonary and Disseminated Tuberculosis in HIV- and Non-HIV-Associated Immunosuppression: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Tuberculosis in children and adolescents using biological agents: a nationwide cohort study from Turkey.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Sensitive diagnosis of paucibacillary tuberculosis with targeted next-generation sequencing: a molecular diagnostic study.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Tuberculosis Osteomyelitis of the Wrist.The Permanente journal · 2025Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many environmental, host, and microbial characteristics have been recognized as risk factors for dissemination of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). However, there are few population-based studies investigating the association between the primary sites of tuberculosis (TB) infection and mortality during TB treatment. De-identified population-based surveillance data of confirmed TB patients reported from 2009 to 2015 in Texas, USA, were analyzed. Regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors for EPTB, as well as its subsite distribution and mortality. We analyzed 7007 patients with exclusively pulmonary TB, 1259 patients with exclusively EPTB, and 894 EPTB patients with reported concomitant pulmonary involvement. Age ≥45 years, female gender, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive status, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were associated with EPTB. ESRD was associated with the most clinical presentations of EPTB other than meningeal and genitourinary TB. Patients age ≥45 years had a disproportionately high rate of bone TB, while foreign-born patients had increased pleural TB and HIV+ patients had increased meningeal TB. Age ≥45 years, HIV+ status, excessive alcohol use within the past 12 months, ESRD, and abnormal chest radiographs were independent risk factors for EPTB mortality during TB treatment. The epidemiologic risk factors identified by multivariate analyses provide new information that may be useful to health professionals in managing patients with EPTB.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.