ReviewThe American journal of pathology2018
Strategies to Reduce the Immunogenicity of Recombinant Immunotoxins.
Review in The American journal of pathology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacteria-based immunotherapy for cancer: a systematic review of preclinical studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Bioactive Conjugate Based on Bacterial Protein Toxins for Targeted Down-Modulation of Macrophage Functions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Contractile myografts confer systemic anti-aging benefits.Nature aging · 2026Article
- Article
- Clinically approved immunotoxins targeting hematological cancers: "the best of both worlds".Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Advances in immunotoxin engineering: precision therapeutic strategies in modern oncology.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Review
- Targeted therapy for multiple myeloma: an overview on CD138-based strategies.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Targeted Immunotherapies for Cancers.Cancers · 2023Article
- Cancer Drug Delivery Systems Using Bacterial Toxin Translocation Mechanisms.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Genetically engineered cellular nanoparticles for biomedical applications.Biomaterials · 2023Review
- Targeting the Inside of Cells with Biologicals: Toxin Routes in a Therapeutic Context.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2023Review
- Article
- Tumor-specific intracellular delivery: peptide-guided transport of a catalytic toxin.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Protein Nanoparticles: Uniting the Power of Proteins with Engineering Design Approaches.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Review
- Epitope-Evaluator: An interactive web application to study predicted T-cell epitopes.PloS one · 2022Article
- Review
- Article
- The Urokinase Receptor (uPAR) as a "Trojan Horse" in Targeted Cancer Therapy: Challenges and Opportunities.Cancers · 2021Review
- Modified recombinant human erythropoietin with potentially reduced immunogenicity.Scientific reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Recombinant immunotoxins (RITs) are genetically engineered proteins being developed to treat cancer. They are composed of an Fv that targets a cancer antigen and a fragment of a bacterial toxin that kills tumor cells. Because the toxin is a foreign protein, it is immunogenic. The clinical success of RITs in patients with a normal immune system is limited by their immunogenicity. In this review, we discuss our progress in therapeutic protein deimmunization and the balancing act between immunogenicity and therapeutic potency. One approach is to prevent the activation of B cells by mapping and elimination of B-cell epitopes. A second approach is to prevent helper T-cell activation by interfering with major histocompatibility complex II presentation or T-cell recognition. Immunizing mice with RITs that were deimmunized by elimination of the murine B- or T-cell epitopes showed that both approaches are effective. Another approach to control immunogenicity is to modify the host immune system. Nanoparticles containing synthetic vaccine particles encapsulating rapamycin can induce immune tolerance and prevent anti-drug antibody formation. This treatment restores RIT anti-tumor activity that is otherwise neutralized because of immunogenicity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.