ReviewFrontiers in immunology2018
Immune Microenvironment in Glioblastoma Subtypes.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 285 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
285 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 424 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic value of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in glioblastoma: a systematic review, meta-analysis and validation based on dataset.Bioengineered · 2021Pooled it
- Improved overall survival in an anti-PD-L1 treated cohort of newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients is associated with distinct immune, mutation, and gut microbiome features: a single arm prospective phase I/II trial.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Combining Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Systemic Monocyte Evaluation for the Implementation of GBM Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Trial
- Radioiodinated compound FJR01: a novel P2X7R-targeted SPECT tracer for visualizing glioma-associated microglia/macrophages in a rat glioblastoma model.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Redox Regulation in Glioblastoma: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Organoids as brain tumour models: bridging the translational gap.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Review
- Integrative bulk and single-cell analyses implicate ASL in MIF-associated myeloid programs in glioblastoma.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
- Hypoxic CA9-high mesenchymal-like glioma stem cells promote ANXA1-FPR1-dependent macrophage polarization in recurrent glioblastoma.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Microstructure mapping with time-dependent diffusion MRI differentiates primary central nervous system lymphoma from glioblastoma.Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society · 2026Article
- The microenvironment of glioblastoma: in pursuit of universal multimodal immunotherapy.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Review
- SDK1 as an Independent Prognostic Biomarker in Primary Glioma: A Multi-Cohort Validation Study with Functional Characterization.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Construction of an actin cytoskeleton-related gene signature for predicting prognosis and therapeutic response in glioblastoma: based on machine learning.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Heterogeneity, Measurement, and Clinical Implications of Oxygenation, Cell Signaling, and Redox Biology in Glioblastoma and Adult Diffuse Gliomas, with Context from Other Brain Tumors.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A cellular epigenetic classification system for glioblastoma.Neuro-oncology · 2026Article
- The GPCR Connection: Linking Alzheimer's Disease and Glioblastoma.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Chemoradiation of glioblastoma cells alters expression of activation and immune checkpoint molecules on type 1 and 2 dendritic cells and impacts on subsequent T cell proliferation.Clinical and translational radiation oncology · 2026Article
- Article
- Identification of an age-related monocyte-derived macrophages characteristic genes-based signature for high-grade diffuse glioma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Valproic acid reverses macrophage-mediated temozolomide resistance in macrophage-rich gliomas.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- A machine learning-defined cellular senescence signature systematically enhances prognostication and guides immunotherapy strategies for the treatment of gliomas.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
225 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most common and aggressive primary brain tumors. Due to their malignant growth and invasion into the brain parenchyma coupled with resistance to therapy, GBMs are among the deadliest of all cancers. GBMs are highly heterogeneous at both the molecular and histological levels. Hallmark histological structures include pseudopalisading necrosis and microvascular proliferation. In addition to high levels of intratumoral heterogeneity, GBMs also exhibit high levels of inter-tumoral heterogeneity. The major non-neoplastic cell population in the GBM microenvironment includes cells of the innate immune system called tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Correlative data from the literature suggest that molecularly distinct GBM subtypes exhibit differences in their microenvironment. Data from mouse models of GBM suggest that genetic driver mutations can create unique microenvironments. Here, we review the origin, features, and functions of TAMs in distinct GBM subtypes. We also discuss their interactions with other immune cell constituents and discuss prospects of therapeutically targeting TAMs to increase the efficacy of T-cell functions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.