ArticleFrontiers in psychology2018
From What Age Is Mental Rotation Training Effective? Differences in Preschool Age but Not in Sex.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Manual training of mental rotation performance: Visual representation of rotating figures is the main driver for improvements.Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006) · 2022Trial
- Developmental differences between 1st and 3rd year of Early Childhood Education (preschool) in mental rotation and its training.Psychological research · 2020Trial
- Neural Mechanisms of the Impact of Rotated Terrain Symbols on Spatial Representation in Orienteers: Evidence from Eye-Tracking and Whole-Brain fNIRS Synchronization.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Mental rotational skills from pre to mid-adolescence: What a novel test tells us about skill development.Neuropsychology · 2025Article
- Minding the gap: a sex difference in young infants' mental rotation through thirty degrees of arc.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Sex Differences in Cognition Across Aging.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Review
- Effects of Physical Exercise Interventions on Spatial Orientation in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Scoping Review.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2021Article
- Spatial Thinking in Infancy: Origins and Development of Mental Rotation Between 3 and 10 Months of Age.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2020Review
- Mathematical achievement: the role of spatial and motor skills in 6-8 year-old children.PeerJ · 2020Article
- Sex Differences in the Performance of 7-12 Year Olds on a Mental Rotation Task and the Relation With Arithmetic Performance.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Article
- Spatial Visualization ability improves with and without studying Technical Drawing.Cognitive processing · 2018Article
- Diversity of spatial activities and parents' spatial talk complexity predict preschoolers' gains in spatial skills.Child developmentArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Currently, there is evidence that spatial skills training leads to an improvement of such skills, although studies with children in the Preschool stage are very scarce. This paper aims to examine the effectiveness of mental rotation (MR) training and sex differences in preschool children. Two experiments were carried out. Experiment 1 included 59 children of 1st course (aged between 3 and 4 years) and Experiment 2, 61 children of 2nd course (aged between 4 and 5 years) of Preschool Education, distributed into control and training groups. The results showed a significant improvement in the MR ability of the training group (measured through a different test than the one used for training) only in the older children, and a tendency toward significance in the younger participants. Moreover, no sex differences in MR or group differences across age groups were found. These results regarding MR training support the malleability of spatial skills approach, particularly in 4-5 year-old preschoolers. This malleability should be enhanced in our educational system, as well as the implementation of educational and social policies that tend toward equality between sexes in the development of spatial skills. This can promote an equitable access to academic careers requiring high spatial skills such as engineering, science, technology or mathematics, in which nowadays women are underrepresented.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.