Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29866829›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2018

Trends in health inequalities in 27 European countries.

Johan P Mackenbach, José Rubio Valverde, Barbara Artnik, Matthias Bopp, Henrik Brønnum-Hansen, Patrick Deboosere, Ramune Kalediene, Katalin Kovács, Mall Leinsalu, Pekka Martikainen and 9 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 129 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
129citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
44.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

129 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 317 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Promoting healthy behaviour with financial incentives: three challenges and solutions for large scale implementation.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026
    Review
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  10. Cross-Sectional Associations of Body Mass Index With Disability Across High- and Middle-Income Countries in 2002-2006 and 2015-2018.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026
    Review
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69 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors at 14 institutions in 13 countries.

Johan P MackenbachDepartment of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands; j.mackenbach@erasmusmc.nl.
José Rubio ValverdeDepartment of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Barbara ArtnikDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Matthias BoppEpidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland.
Henrik Brønnum-HansenInstitute of Public Health, Copenhagen University, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Patrick DeboosereDepartment of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium.
Ramune KaledieneLithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas 44307, Lithuania.
Katalin KovácsDemographic Research Institute, 1525 Budapest, Hungary.
Mall LeinsaluStockholm Centre for Health and Social Change, Södertörn University, 89 Huddinge, Sweden.
Pekka MartikainenDepartment of Sociology, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland.
Gwenn MenvielleINSERM, Sorbonne Universités, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), 75646 Paris, France.
Enrique RegidorDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Jitka RychtaříkováDepartment of Demography, Charles University, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
Maica Rodriguez-SanzAgència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain.
Paolo VineisMedical Research Council-Public Health England Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom.
Chris WhiteOffice of National Statistics, Newport NP10 8XG, United Kingdom.
Bogdan WojtyniakDepartment of Monitoring and Analyses of Population Health, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.
Yannan HuDepartment of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Wilma J NusselderDepartment of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Erasmus MC · NLAgència de Salut Pública de Catalunya · ESCharles University · CZHungarian Demographic Research Institute · HUInstitut Pierre Louis d‘Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique · FRLithuanian University of Health Sciences · LTMedical Research Council · GBNational Institute of Public Health · PLOffice for National Statistics · GBSödertörn University · SEUniversidad Complutense de Madrid · ESUniversity of Helsinki · FIUniversity of Zurich · CHVrije Universiteit Brussel · BE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Unfavorable health trends among the lowly educated have recently been reported from the United States. We analyzed health trends by education in European countries, paying particular attention to the possibility of recent trend interruptions, including interruptions related to the impact of the 2008 financial crisis. We collected and harmonized data on mortality from

Indexed as

AdultAgedEconomic RecessionEuropeFemaleHealthcare DisparitiesHealth Status DisparitiesHumansInterrupted Time Series AnalysisMaleMiddle AgedSelf-AssessmentSelf ReportSocioeconomic FactorsEuropefinancial crisishealth inequalitiesmorbiditymortality

Identifiers

PMID29866829
PMCPMC6016814
OpenAlexW2806589758

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.