ArticleHypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)2018
Refractory Hypertension Is not Attributable to Intravascular Fluid Retention as Determined by Intracardiac Volumes.
Article in Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Refractory Hypertension: a Narrative Systematic Review with Emphasis on Prognosis.Current hypertension reports · 2022Pooled it
- Brazilian Guidelines of Hypertension - 2025.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2025Article
- Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics, and Treatment of Patients with Resistant Hypertension: A Single-Center Study.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Article
- Opportunities and Limitations of Renal Denervation: Where Do We Stand?The American journal of medicine · 2024Review
- The Global Burden of Resistant Hypertension and Potential Treatment Options.European cardiology · 2024Review
- Adverse cardiac remodeling is absent in patients with true controlled resistant hypertension.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2023Article
- An Update on Refractory Hypertension.Current hypertension reports · 2022Review
- Prevalence and clinical profile of refractory hypertension in a large cohort of patients with resistant hypertension.Journal of human hypertension · 2021Article
- Refractory hypertension: what do we know so far?Journal of human hypertension · 2021Article
- Refractory Hypertension and Risks of Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Patients With Resistant Hypertension: A Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2020Observational
- Frequency and factors linked to refractory hypertension among stroke survivors in Ghana.Journal of the neurological sciences · 2020Article
- Reserpine: A New Consideration of and Old Drug for Refractory Hypertension.American journal of hypertension · 2020Article
- Reserpine Substantially Lowers Blood Pressure in Patients With Refractory Hypertension: A Proof-of-Concept Study.American journal of hypertension · 2020Article
- Antihypertensive Medication Adherence and Confirmation of True Refractory Hypertension.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2020Article
- Recent advances in understanding and managing resistant/refractory hypertension.F1000Research · 2020Review
- Resistant Hypertension Updated Guidelines.Current cardiology reports · 2019Review
- Treatment of Resistant and Refractory Hypertension.Circulation research · 2019Review
- Advances in resistant hypertension.Annals of translational medicine · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Refractory hypertension (RfHTN) is an extreme phenotype of antihypertensive treatment failure defined as lack of blood pressure control with ≥5 medications, including a long-acting thiazide and a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. RfHTN is a subgroup of resistant hypertension (RHTN), which is defined as blood pressure >135/85 mm Hg with ≥3 antihypertensive medications, including a diuretic. RHTN is generally attributed to persistent intravascular fluid retention. It is unknown whether alternative mechanisms are operative in RfHTN. Our objective was to determine whether RfHTN is characterized by persistent fluid retention, indexed by greater intracardiac volumes determined by cardiac magnetic resonance when compared with controlled RHTN patients. Consecutive patients evaluated in our institution with RfHTN and controlled RHTN were prospectively enrolled. Exclusion criteria included advanced chronic kidney disease and masked or white coat hypertension. All enrolled patients underwent biochemical testing and cardiac magnetic resonance. The RfHTN group (n=24) was younger (mean age, 51.7±8.9 versus 60.6±11.5 years;
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Registered trials
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