Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29866459›Full record

Observational studyAmerican journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation2018

GDF-15, Galectin 3, Soluble ST2, and Risk of Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in CKD.

Courtney Tuegel, Ronit Katz, Mariam Alam, Zeenat Bhat, Keith Bellovich, Ian de Boer, Frank Brosius, Crystal Gadegbeku, Debbie Gipson, Jennifer Hawkins and 7 more

Open access · greenAbstract readMulticenter StudyObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
79citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
11.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

79 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. Trial
  10. Serum markers of fibrosis, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients: the AURORA trial.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2022
    Trial
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  14. Cardiac Biomarkers in Chronic Kidney Disease: Signal or Noise?Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026
    Review
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19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Courtney TuegelDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
Ronit KatzDivision of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
Mariam AlamDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
Zeenat BhatNephrology Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.
Keith BellovichNephrology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Ian de BoerDivision of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
Frank BrosiusNephrology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Crystal GadegbekuNephrology Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.
Debbie GipsonNephrology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Jennifer HawkinsNephrology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Jonathan HimmelfarbDivision of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
Wenjun JuNephrology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Bryan KestenbaumDivision of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
Matthias KretzlerNephrology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Cassianne Robinson-CohenDivision of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
Susan SteigerwaltNephrology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Nisha BansalDivision of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Electronic address: nbansal@uw.edu.
University of Washington · USUniversity of Michigan–Ann Arbor · USTemple University · USWayne State University · US

Funding

University of Michigan O'Brien Kidney Translational Core CenterP30DK081943 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI PENNATHUR, SUBRAMANIAM · 2008 to 2022
$12.9M
Cardiac biomarkers and risk of heart failure and progression of kidney disease in patients with chronic kidney diseaseR03DK102452 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI BANSAL, NISHA · 2015 to 2016
$155k
NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK081943NIDDK NIH HHS R03 DK102452
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

RATIONALE &

objectiveInflammation, cardiac remodeling, and fibrosis may explain in part the excess risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), galectin 3 (Gal-3), and soluble ST2 (sST2) are possible biomarkers of these pathways in patients with CKD. STUDY

designObservational cohort study. SETTING &

participantsIndividuals with CKD enrolled in either of 2 multicenter CKD cohort studies: the Seattle Kidney Study or C-PROBE (Clinical Phenotyping and Resource Biobank Study). EXPOSURES: Circulating GDF-15, Gal-3, and sST2 measured at baseline. OUTCOMES: Primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included hospitalization for physician-adjudicated heart failure and the atherosclerotic CVD events of myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident. ANALYTIC APPROACH: Cox proportional hazards models used to test the association of each biomarker with each outcome, adjusting for demographics, CVD risk factors, and kidney function.

resultsAmong 883 participants, mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 49±19mL/min/1.73m LIMITATIONS: Event rates for heart failure and atherosclerotic CVD were low.

conclusionsAdults with CKD and higher circulating GDF-15, Gal-3, and sST2 concentrations experienced greater mortality. Elevated GDF-15 concentration was also associated with an increased rate of heart failure. Further work is needed to elucidate the mechanisms linking these circulating biomarkers with CVD in patients with CKD.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAge FactorsBiomarkersBlood ProteinsCardiovascular DiseasesCause of DeathCohort StudiesComorbidityFemaleGalectin 3GalectinsGrowth Differentiation Factor 15HumansInterleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 ProteinKaplan-Meier EstimateBiomarkersBlood ProteinsGalectin 3GalectinsGDF15 protein, humanGrowth Differentiation Factor 15IL1RL1 protein, humanInterleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 ProteinLGALS3 protein, humanacute ischemic strokeacute myocardial infarction (AMI)atherosclerotic CVDcardiac biomarkercardiovascular disease (CVD)CKDgalectin 3 (Gal-3)Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15)heart failure (HF)mortalitysoluble ST2 (sST2)

Identifiers

PMID29866459
PMCPMC6153047
OpenAlexW2807253610

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.