ReviewToxins2018
Uremic Toxin Clearance and Cardiovascular Toxicities.
Review in Toxins, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Circulating Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and Risk of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Contribution of 'clinically negligible' residual kidney function to clearance of uremic solutes.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2020Trial
- Differences in Dialysis Efficacy Have Limited Effects on Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins Plasma Levels over Time.Toxins · 2019Trial
- Microbiome-derived metabolites shape CD4+ T cell differentiation and immune aging in HIV-1 infection.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Research advancement on the correlation between gut microbiota and chronic kidney disease.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Review
- Role of the ABCG2 transporter in the biodistribution of the food-borne uremic toxin p-cresyl sulfate.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Dialyzer characteristics are associated with differential effects on intradialytic microvascular tissue perfusion.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Microbiome-Derived Metabolites Shape CD4bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Gut-derived metabolites and mitochondrial homeostasis in heart failure: mechanistic links and translational perspectives.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Associations of Plasma Trimethylamine N -Oxide-Related Metabolites with the Development and Progression of Albuminuria : The Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2025Article
- From Physicochemical Classification to Multidimensional Insights: A Comprehensive Review of Uremic Toxin Research.Toxins · 2025Review
- Assembled human microbiome and metabolome in chronic kidney disease: Dysbiosis a double-edged sword interlinking Circ-YAP1, Circ-APOE & Circ-SLC8A1.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- Gut-Microbiota-Related Metabolite Phenylacetylglutamine and Risk of Incident Coronary Heart Disease Among Women.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Potential Trimethylamine (TMA)-Producing Bacteria in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis.International urology and nephrology · 2025Article
- Comparison and identification of serum metabolomic profiles in Stage B and Stage C ejection fraction preserved heart failure.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- The microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and the kidney diseases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds Produced by the Intestinal Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Longitudinal Exposomics in a Multiomic Wellness Cohort Reveals Distinctive and Dynamic Environmental Chemical Mixtures in Blood.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- A Metabolomics Approach to Identify Metabolites Associated With Mortality in Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis.Kidney international reports · 2024Article
- Metabolites Associated With Uremic Symptoms in Patients With CKD: Findings From the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Uremic solutes contribute to cardiovascular disease in renal insufficiency. In this review we describe the clearance of selected uremic solutes, which have been associated with cardiovascular disease. These solutes-indoxyl sulfate (IS), p-cresol sulfate (PCS), phenylacetylglutamine (PAG), trimethylamine-n-oxide (TMAO), and kynurenine-exemplify different mechanisms of clearance. IS and PCS are protein-bound solutes efficiently cleared by the native kidney through tubular secretion. PAG and TMAO are not protein-bound but are also cleared by the native kidney through tubular secretion, while kynurenine is not normally cleared by the kidney. Increases in the plasma levels of the normally secreted solutes IS, PCS, TMAO, and PAG in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are attributable to a reduction in their renal clearances. Levels of each of these potential toxins are even higher in patients on dialysis than in those with advanced chronic kidney disease, which can be accounted for in part by a low ratio of dialytic to native kidney clearance. The rise in plasma kynurenine in CKD and dialysis patients, by contrast, remains to be explained. Our ability to detect lower levels of the potential uremic cardiovascular toxins with renal replacement therapy may be limited by the intermittency of treatment, by increases in solute production, and by the presence of non-renal clearance. Reduction in the levels of uremic cardiovascular toxins may in the future be achieved more effectively by inhibiting their production.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.