ArticlePsychoneuroendocrinology2018
Sleep quality and the cortisol awakening response (CAR) among law enforcement officers: The moderating role of leisure time physical activity.
Article in Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Individual differences in glucocorticoid regulation: Does it relate to disease risk and resilience?Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Associations Among Hair Cortisol Concentrations, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Status, and Amygdala Reactivity to Negative Affective Stimuli in Female Police Officers.Journal of traumatic stress · 2019Trial
- Effect of Heat-KilledLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Moderation Effects of Daily Behavior on Associations Between Symptoms and Social Participation Outcomes After Burn Injury: A 6-Month Digital Phenotyping Study.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Interactions between symptoms and psychological status in irritable bowel syndrome: An exploratory study of the impact of a probiotic combination.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2023Article
- Motivation states to move, be physically active and sedentary vary like circadian rhythms and are associated with affect and arousal.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2023Article
- Article
- Associations Between Workplace Violence and Mental Health Among Chinese Health Technicians: A Moderated Mediation Analysis of Sleep Quality and Physical Activity.Psychology research and behavior management · 2023Article
- The Effects of Physical Exercise on Saliva Composition: A Comprehensive Review.Dentistry journal · 2022Review
- Dying for the job: police mortality, 1950-2018.Policing (Bradford, England) · 2021Article
- The Role of Sleep Quality, Trait Anxiety and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Measures in Cognitive Abilities of Healthy Individuals.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Upper and lower musculoskeletal back pain, stress, physical activity, and organisational work support: An exploratory study of police investigative interviewers.Health psychology openArticle
- Eight Weeks of Lifestyle Change: What are the Effects of the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (Cohort 1) on Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) and Perceived Stress?Chronic stress (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe goal of this study was to investigate the role of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) on the association between sleep quality and the cortisol awakening response (CAR) in people with an occupation that exposes them to high levels of stress.
methodsParticipants were 275 police officers (age = 42 years ± 8.3, 27% women) enrolled in the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress (BCOPS) study (conducted between 2004 and 2009). Officers provided four salivary cortisol samples (on awakening and 15, 30, and 45 min after awakening). Hours of leisure time physical activity were assessed using the Seven-Day Physical Activity Recall questionnaire. Sleep quality (good/poor) was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale. Analysis of covariance and repeated measures models were used to examine the association of sleep quality to the two aspects of CAR: cortisol levels (total area under the curve (AUC
resultsOverall, results demonstrated that LTPA significantly moderated the association of sleep quality with CAR. Among participants who were sufficiently active, CAR did not differ by sleep quality. However, in those who were insufficiently active during their leisure time, poor sleep quality was associated with a significantly reduced level of total awakening cortisol secretion (AUC
conclusionFindings of this study suggest that poor sleep quality is associated with diminished awakening cortisol levels and dysregulated cortisol patterns over time, but only among officers who were inactive or insufficiently active during their leisure time. In contrast, sleep quality was not associated with any measures of CAR in officers who reported sufficient activity, suggesting a potential protective effect of LTPA. In analyses stratified by gender, findings for male officers were similar to those in the pooled sample, although we found no evidence for a modifying effect of LTPA in women. Future longitudinal studies in a larger population are needed to confirm these findings and further elucidate the relationships between LTPA, sleep quality, and cortisol response.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.