Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29863933›Full record

ArticleHealth affairs (Project Hope)2018

Rural And Nonrural Primary Care Physician Practices Increasingly Rely On Nurse Practitioners.

Hilary Barnes, Michael R Richards, Matthew D McHugh, Grant Martsolf

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Health affairs (Project Hope), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
95citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

95 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Nurse Practitioner Opioid Prescribing Authority: A Comparative Policy Analysis of New Zealand, United States, and Australia.Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Chronic Pain and Cognitive Dysfunction: Clinical Implement, Mechanism, and Therapeutic Strategy.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. National Estimates of Nurse Practitioner Disaster Preparedness Training.The journal for nurse practitioners : JNP · 2026
    Article
  12. Article
  13. What drives advanced practice nurses to stay in rural America? Insights from the 2022 National Survey of Registered Nurses.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2025
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Methods and lessons from conducting a national study of primary care nurse practitioners.Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners · 2025
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Physicians-in-training and advanced practice providers perceptions in managing perioperative obstructive sleep apnea: a multi-institutional survey.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2025
    Article
  19. Engineering Integrated Care Expansion and Innovation: Drawing upon Nursing Leadership.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
    Article
  20. Article

35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Hilary BarnesHilary Barnes ( hbarnes@udel.edu ) is an assistant professor in the School of Nursing, University of Delaware, in Newark.
Michael R RichardsMichael R. Richards is an assistant professor of health policy at Vanderbilt University, in Nashville, Tennessee.
Matthew D McHughMatthew D. McHugh is a professor of nursing; the Independence Chair for Nursing Education, Center for Health Outcomes and Policy Research; and a senior fellow at the Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, all at the University of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia.
Grant MartsolfGrant Martsolf is a professor in the Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, and an adjunct policy researcher at the RAND Corporation in Pittsburgh, both in Pennsylvania.

Funding

ADVANCED TRAINING IN NURSING OUTCOMES RESEARCHT32NR007104 · NINR · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI JACQUELINE MARGO BROOKS CARTHON, EILEEN T LAKE · 1999 to 2026
$11.6M
NINR NIH HHS T32 NR007104
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The use of nurse practitioners (NPs) in primary care is one way to address growing patient demand and improve care delivery. However, little is known about trends in NP presence in primary care practices, or about how state policies such as scope-of-practice laws and expansion of eligibility for Medicaid may encourage or inhibit the use of NPs. We found increasing NP presence in both rural and nonrural primary care practices in the period 2008-16. At the end of the period, NPs constituted 25.2 percent of providers in rural and 23.0 percent in nonrural practices, compared to 17.6 percent and 15.9 percent, respectively, in 2008. States with full scope-of-practice laws had the highest NP presence, but the fastest growth occurred in states with reduced and restricted scopes of practice. State Medicaid expansion status was not associated with greater NP presence. Overall, primary care practices are embracing interdisciplinary provider configurations, and including NPs as providers can strengthen health care delivery.

Indexed as

Quality of Health CareCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth Care SurveysHumansMaleNurse PractitionersNurse's RoleOutcome Assessment, Health CarePhysicians, Primary CarePractice Patterns, Physicians'Primary Health CareRural Health ServicesRural PopulationUnited StatesUrban PopulationNurse PractitionersPrimary CareRural Health CareTeam-based CareWorkforce Issues

Identifiers

PMID29863933
PMCPMC6080248

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.