ArticleJournal of environment and health sciences2017
A Neuroimmune Model of Gulf War Illness.
Article in Journal of environment and health sciences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Placebo-Controlled, Pseudo-Randomized, Crossover Trial of Botanical Agents for Gulf War Illness: Resveratrol (International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- A Placebo-Controlled, Pseudo-Randomized, Crossover Trial of Botanical Agents for Gulf War Illness: Curcumin (International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- Gulf War Illness Induced Sex-Specific Transcriptional Differences Under Stressful Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Association of Gulf War Illness-Related Symptoms with Military Exposures among 1990-1991 Gulf War Veterans Evaluated at the War-Related Illness and Injury Study Center (WRIISC).Brain sciences · 2022Article
- At the Root of 3 "Long" Diseases: Persistent Antigens Inflicting Chronic Damage on the Brain and Other Organs in Gulf War Illness, Long-COVID-19, and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.Neuroscience insights · 2022Review
- The β-adrenergic receptor blocker and anti-inflammatory drug propranolol mitigates brain cytokine expression in a long-term model of Gulf War Illness.Life sciences · 2021Article
- IL-17 and IL-17C Signaling Protects the Intestinal Epithelium against Diisopropyl Fluorophosphate Exposure in an Acute Model of Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses.Immune network · 2021Article
- Lupus Anticoagulant in Gulf War Illness and Autoimmune Disorders: A Common Pathway Toward Autoimmunity.Journal of immunological sciences · 2021Article
- C-Reactive Protein is Associated with Brain White Matter Anomalies in Gulf War Illness.Journal of neurology & neuromedicine · 2020Article
- Longitudinal Assessment of Health Symptoms in Relation to Neurotoxicant Exposures in 1991 Gulf War Veterans: The Ft. Devens Cohort.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2020Article
- Gulf War Illness: C-Reactive Protein is Associated with Reduction of the Volume of Hippocampus and Decreased Fractional Anisotropy of the Fornix.Journal of neurology & neuromedicine · 2020Article
- Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor exposures as an initiating factor in the development of Gulf War Illness, a chronic neuroimmune disorder in deployed veterans.Neuropharmacology · 2020Review
- The Innate Immune System and Inflammatory Priming: Potential Mechanistic Factors in Mood Disorders and Gulf War Illness.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Review
- Neuroinflammation disorders exacerbated by environmental stressors.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2019Review
- Gulf War Illness and Inflammation: Association of symptom severity with C-reactive protein.Journal of neurology & neuromedicine · 2019Article
- Gulf War Illness: Unifying Hypothesis for a Continuing Health Problem.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Review
- Cardiovascular Disease among Female Veterans of the 1991 Gulf War Era.Journal of environment and health sciences · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
Several studies have implicated immune system disruption in the pathophysiology of GWI. In addition, alterations in brain structure and functioning have been associated with specific exposures in theater, including pyridostigmine bromide and nerve gas agents. Recent studies conducted up to 25 years after the 1991 conflict have examined factors associated with the continuation or worsening of GWI. Drawing upon published studies of neural and immune system abnormalities in veterans with GWI, this paper proposes a model of GWI that takes into account neurologic and immunologic pathways, neuroimmune mechanisms of disease pathophysiology, individual predisposition due to sex and genetic background, and comorbid factors including neurological conditions such as neuritis/neuralgia and epilepsy that may occur along a continuum with GWI. The proposed neuroimmune model of GWI is likely to be useful for designing new research studies, clarifying factors involved in the continuation or worsening of GWI, and identifying biomarker screening algorithms for the illness. The proposed model goes beyond previously proposed frameworks for GWI by taking into account potential differences in risk based upon female
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