ArticleNeuron2018
A Combination of Ontogeny and CNS Environment Establishes Microglial Identity.
Article in Neuron, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 302 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
302 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 518 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Article
- Translational modelling of human microglia from cultures to chimeras.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Characterization of hematopoietic stem cell-derived microglia-like cells in nonhuman primates.Blood advances · 2026Article
- The dual roles of uterine monocytes in regulation of tissue homeostasis throughout reproductive cycles in health and disease.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Harnessing macrophage signaling pathways and scalable engineering for next-generation immunotherapies.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- APOE3 and APOE4 human astrocytes differentially modulate Alzheimer's disease pathology and microglial responses in chimeric mice.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Embryonic and postnatal macrophages are necessary for proper tooth development and homeostasis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- CSF1R+ Macrophages and Osteoclasts Are Essential for Limb Bone Development During Embryogenesis.Journal of developmental biology · 2026Article
- CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy: experimental models and potential for treatment.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Review
- Spatial proteomic analysis in human Alzheimer's disease brains enables identification of microenvironment-dependent microglial cell states.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Depletion and replacement of tissue-resident macrophages in mice with germ-line deletion of a conserved enhancer in the Csf1r locus.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Brain-engrafted monocyte-derived macrophages from blood and skull-bone marrow exhibit distinct properties.Neuron · 2026Article
- Identification of secondary microglial formation centers in the human fetal brain.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Genetic-Environmental Programming of Microglial Identity: Shaping Spatiotemporal Dynamics in Neurodevelopment and Neurodevelopmental Diseases.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Consensus statement on microglial and macrophage functions in gliomas.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Review
- Dissecting microglial contributions to neurodegenerative disease pathophysiology using human pluripotent stem cells.Stem cell reports · 2026Review
- Microglial HVCN1 Deficiency Improves Movement and Survival of SOD1Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Quantitative and morphological analyses reveal microglia-specific neuroinflammation in brain regions linked to cognitive function in ovariectomized and chronic intermittent hypoxia-exposed female rats.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
242 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Microglia, the brain's resident macrophages, are dynamic CNS custodians with surprising origins in the extra-embryonic yolk sac. The consequences of their distinct ontogeny are unknown but critical to understanding and treating brain diseases. We created a brain macrophage transplantation system to disentangle how environment and ontogeny specify microglial identity. We find that donor cells extensively engraft in the CNS of microglia-deficient mice, and even after exposure to a cell culture environment, microglia fully regain their identity when returned to the CNS. Though transplanted macrophages from multiple tissues can express microglial genes in the brain, only those of yolk-sac origin fully attain microglial identity. Transplanted macrophages of inappropriate origin, including primary human cells in a humanized host, express disease-associated genes and specific ontogeny markers. Through brain macrophage transplantation, we discover new principles of microglial identity that have broad applications to the study of disease and development of myeloid cell therapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.