ArticleChild psychiatry and human development2019
Antenatal and Postnatal Determinants of Behavioural Difficulties in Early Childhood: Evidence from Growing Up in New Zealand.
Article in Child psychiatry and human development, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association of parental prenatal mental health with offspring neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychological medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Relationship Between Exposure to Parental Substance Use and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2024Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prenatal, Birth, and Postnatal Factors Associated with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2024Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Parental Depression, Antidepressant Usage, Antisocial Personality Disorder, and Stress and Anxiety as Risk Factors for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2024Pooled it
- Prenatal stress and externalizing behaviors in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychological bulletin · 2024Pooled it
- Preconception and Prenatal Nutrition and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2019Pooled it
- Prenatal and preschool micronutrient supplementation and behavioral outcomes in school-aged children in Nepal-a cohort study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Perceived Stress During Pregnancy and Offspring Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Findings From the ECHO Cohort Study.JAACAP open · 2026Article
- The impact of critical periods of maternal generalized anxiety disorder on mental health problems in preschoolers: a Brazilian study of young mothers.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Association Between Persistence and Change in Behavioral Difficulties During Early to Middle Childhood and Cognitive Abilities at Age 8.Child psychiatry and human development · 2024Article
- Parents' Perceptions of Their Parenting Journeys and a Mobile App Intervention (Parentbot-A Digital Healthcare Assistant): Qualitative Process Evaluation.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Article
- The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on infant development and maternal mental health in the first 2 years of life.Infancy : the official journal of the International Society on Infant Studies · 2023Article
- The Effectiveness of Interventions for the Prevention or Treatment of Paternal Perinatal Anxiety: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Maternal serum Vitamin B12 and offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2021Article
- The Role of Social and Emotional Adjustment in Mediating the Relationship Between Early Experiences and Different Language Outcomes.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- The Association Between Persistence and Change in Early Childhood Behavioural Problems and Preschool Cognitive Outcomes.Child psychiatry and human development · 2020Article
- Significant Effects of Maternal Diet During Pregnancy on the Murine Fetal Brain Transcriptome and Offspring Behavior.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Behavioural difficulties during early childhood have significant implications for multiple outcomes later in life. Child behavioural difficulties at 2 years of age (N = 6246) were assessed by mothers enrolled in a longitudinal, population-based New Zealand cohort study. 10.1% of children had total difficulties scores in the abnormal range on the preschool version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. After controlling for maternal education, poverty, and child's birth age/weight, several antenatal and postnatal maternal health and family risk factors were significant for: (i) emotional problems (antenatal maternal perceived stress, lack of periconceptional folate, and moderate to severe maternal postnatal anxiety); (ii) hyperactivity-inattention (antenatal maternal perceived stress, mothers' antenatal exposure to secondhand smoke, moderate to severe maternal postnatal anxiety, and low maternal self-evaluation); (iii) conduct problems and total difficulties (antenatal maternal perceived stress, verbal inter-parental conflict and low maternal self-evaluation). The identification of risk and protective factors associated with early childhood difficulties are vital for guiding intervention and prevention efforts.
Indexed as
Identifiers
29860616What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.