Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29857555›Full record

SynthesisNutrients2018

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Milk Feeding and Morbidity in Very Low Birth Weight Infants.

Jacqueline Miller, Emma Tonkin, Raechel A Damarell, Andrew J McPhee, Machiko Suganuma, Hiroki Suganuma, Philippa F Middleton, Maria Makrides, Carmel T Collins

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · goldAbstract readComparative StudyMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Nutrients, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 193 papers, 17 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
193citing papers in PubMed, 17 pooled it
22.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06096961 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

The Effect Of Baby Smell On The Amount Of Breast Milk, Salivary Cortisol Level And Mother Baby Attachment: A Randomized Controlled Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorEskisehir Osmangazi UniversityRan2023 to 2024Enrolled60ConditionsMother-Infant Interaction, Premature BirthArmsBaby smell
NCT06893939 phase2 / phase3recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Limited Versus Extended Trophic Feeding (LET-FEED) Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of WashingtonRan2025 to 2031Enrolled350ConditionsSepsis, Length of Stay, Mortality, Neurodevelopmental DelayArmsLimited Trophic Feeds (1 day of trophic feeds), Extended Trophic Feeds (3 days of trophics)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

193 citing papers in PubMed, 17 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 401 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. [Effect of colostrum oral immune therapy on the the clinical outcomes in very low birth weight infants: a Meta analysis].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2025
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  9. [Efficacy of probiotics in preventing late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight infants: a Meta analysis].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2021
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  18. Trial
  19. Biomarker-based text messages to promote lactation success in mothers of critically Ill infants: a randomized controlled pilot study.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024
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133 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Jacqueline MillerHealthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia. jacqueline.miller@sahmri.com.ORCID 0000-0002-6474-0505
Emma TonkinNutrition and Dietetics, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. emma.tonkin@flinders.edu.au.ORCID 0000-0001-9941-4251
Raechel A DamarellNutrition and Dietetics, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. raechel.damarell@flinders.edu.au.ORCID 0000-0002-6737-7537
Andrew J McPheeHealthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia. andrew.mcphee@sa.gov.au.
Machiko SuganumaHealthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia. machiko.suganuma@sahmri.com.
Hiroki SuganumaHealthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia. hiroki.suganuma@sahmri.com.
Philippa F MiddletonHealthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia. philippa.middleton@sahmri.com.
Maria MakridesHealthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia. Maria.makrides@sahmri.com.ORCID 0000-0003-3832-541X
Carmel T CollinsHealthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia. carmel.collins@sahmri.com.
South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute · AUFlinders University · AUWomen's and Children's Hospital · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesised the post-1990 literature examining the effect of human milk on morbidity, specifically necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), late onset sepsis (LOS), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and neurodevelopment in infants born ≤28 weeks' gestation and/or publications with reported infant mean birth weight of ≤1500 g. Online databases including Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched, and comparisons were grouped as follows: exclusive human milk (EHM) versus exclusive preterm formula (EPTF), any human milk (HM) versus EPTF, higher versus lower dose HM, and unpasteurised versus pasteurised HM. Experimental and observational studies were pooled separately in meta-analyses. Risk of bias was assessed for each individual study and the GRADE system used to judge the certainty of the findings. Forty-nine studies (with 56 reports) were included, of which 44 could be included in meta-analyses. HM provided a clear protective effect against NEC, with an approximate 4% reduction in incidence. HM also provided a possible reduction in LOS, severe ROP and severe NEC. Particularly for NEC, any volume of HM is better than EPTF, and the higher the dose the greater the protection. Evidence regarding pasteurisation is inconclusive, but it appears to have no effect on some outcomes. Improving the intake of mother's own milk (MOM) and/or donor HM results in small improvements in morbidity in this population.

Indexed as

Enteral NutritionEvidence-Based MedicineInfant Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaMilk, HumanEnterocolitis, NecrotizingHumansInfantInfant, Extremely PrematureInfant FormulaInfant, NewbornInfant, Premature, DiseasesInfant, Very Low Birth WeightNeonatal SepsisNeurodevelopmental DisordersPremature BirthSeverity of Illness Indexbronchopulmonary dysplasiadonor human milkformula feedinghuman milknecrotising enterocolitisneurodevelopmentpreterm infantretinopathy of prematuritysepsis

Identifiers

PMID29857555
PMCPMC6024377
OpenAlexW2805368512

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.