ArticleEnvironment international2018
Urine and toenail cadmium levels in pregnant women: A reliability study.
Article in Environment international, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relationships Between Biological Heavy Metals and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- An updated systematic review on the association between Cd exposure, blood pressure and hypertension.Ecotoxicology and environmental safety · 2021Pooled it
- 5'-Methylthioadenosine Metabolic Reprogramming Drives H3K79 Monomethylation-Mediated PAK2 Upregulation to Promote Cadmium-Induced Breast Cancer Progression by Impairing Autophagic Flux.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Cadmium Exposure was Associated with Sex-Specific Thyroid Dysfunction: Consistent Evidence from Two Independent Cross-Sectional Studies Based on Urinary and Blood Cadmium Measurements.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Urinary Levels of 14 Metal Elements in General Population: A Region-Based Exploratory Study in China.Toxics · 2023Article
- Assessment of Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) Blood Concentration on the Risk of Endometrial Cancer.Biology · 2023Article
- A machine learning approach for early prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus using elemental contents in fingernails.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Urinary heavy metals in residents from a typical city in South China: human exposure and health risks.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Heavy metal ion concentration in the amniotic fluid of preterm and term pregnancies from two cities with different industrial output.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Article
- Periconceptional and prenatal exposure to metal mixtures in relation to behavioral development at 3 years of age.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2020Article
- Toenail metal concentrations and age at menopause: A prospective study.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2020Article
- Maternal urinary cadmium, glucose intolerance and gestational diabetes in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study.Environmental research · 2019Article
- Toenail-Based Metal Concentrations and Young-Onset Breast Cancer.American journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
- Toenail-Based Metal Concentrations and Young-Onset Breast Cancer.American journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
- Non-Essential Trace Elements Dietary Exposure in French Polynesia: Intake Assessment, Nail Bio Monitoring and Thyroid Cancer RiskAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2019Article
- Do Post-breast Cancer Diagnosis Toenail Trace Element Concentrations Reflect Prediagnostic Concentrations?Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2019Article
- Intrauterine multi-metal exposure is associated with reduced fetal growth through modulation of the placental gene network.Environment international · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCadmium, as measured in human tissue, has been associated with numerous health outcomes. However, few studies have evaluated the reliability of cadmium measurements across different biologic samples. We evaluated toenail cadmium levels over time and compared toenail cadmium to urinary cadmium. We also evaluated the relationship between biomarker concentrations and cigarette smoking, a known source of cadmium exposure.
methodsCadmium was assessed in urine and toenail samples collected from 1338 pregnant women participating in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study. Each participant was asked to provide a urine and a toenail sample at enrollment (between 24 and 28 weeks gestation) and another toenail sample 2-8 weeks postpartum. Cadmium concentrations were determined using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spearman correlations were assessed for cadmium in the toenails across the two-time points and comparing toenail and urine levels. Smoking status was evaluated as a predictor of cadmium levels.
resultsToenail cadmium assessed during pregnancy and postpartum were modestly correlated (R = 0.3, p < 0.0001). However, urine and toenail cadmium levels were unrelated (R = -0.03, p = 0.46). Both toenail and urinary cadmium levels were associated with women's smoking status.
conclusionOur findings suggest that both toenail and urinary cadmium concentrations reflect the major source of exposure - cigarette smoking. Toenail cadmium concentrations are modestly reproducible pre- and postpartum; but do not appear to be related to urinary cadmium and thus likely represent different windows and chronicity of exposure among pregnant women.
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