ArticlePloS one2018
The impact of human breast milk components on the infant metabolism.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Infants Fed Breastmilk or 2'-FL Supplemented Formula Have Similar Systemic Levels of Microbiota-Derived Secondary Bile Acids.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Article
- Small metabolites vary in sow milk across the course of lactation, while moringa supplementation and cooling sows exposed to heat stress conditions have limited effects.Translational animal science · 2026Article
- The Associations of Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index With Human Milk Fatty Acid and Phospholipid Composition in the Observational Norwegian Human Milk Study.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Observational
- Is Breastfeeding an Effective Approach to Reduce Metabolic Risk After GDM in Mothers and Infants?Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Comprehensive Targeted and Quantitative Profiling of the Human Milk Metabolome: Impact of Delivery Mode, Breastfeeding Practices, and Maternal Diet.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2024Article
- Associations of Plasma Lipidomic Profiles with Uric Acid and Hyperuricemia Risk in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese.Phenomics (Cham, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Comparative lipidome study of maternal plasma, milk, and lamb plasma in sheep.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Cardiometabolic effects of breastfeeding on infants of diabetic mothers.World journal of diabetes · 2023Article
- Defining the lipid profiles of human milk, infant formula, and animal milk: implications for infant feeding.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Age and gender-specific reference intervals for a panel of lysophosphatidylcholines estimated by tandem mass spectrometry in dried blood spots.Practical laboratory medicine · 2023Article
- Associations of Early Pregnancy Metabolite Profiles with Gestational Blood Pressure Development.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Comparison of Hepatic Metabolite Profiles between Infant and Adult Male Mice UsingMetabolites · 2022Article
- The Role of Human Milk Lipids and Lipid Metabolites in Protecting the Infant against Non-Communicable Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Infant intakes of human milk branched chain amino acids are negatively associated with infant growth and influenced by maternal body mass index.Pediatric obesity · 2022Article
- Article
- Hepatitis E Virus Immunopathogenesis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Editorial: Impact of Early Life Nutrition on Immune System Development and Related Health Outcomes in Later Life.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Analysis of dietary patterns and nutritional adequacy in lactating women: a multicentre European cohort (ATLAS study).Journal of nutritional science · 2021Article
- Comparative Lipidomic Study of Human Milk from Different Lactation Stages and Milk Formulas.Nutrients · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsBreastfeeding is beneficial for mothers and infants. Underlying mechanisms and biochemical mediators thus need to be investigated to develop and support improved infant nutrition practices promoting the child health. We analysed the relation between maternal breast milk composition and infant metabolism.
methods196 pairs of mothers and infants from a European research project (PreventCD) were studied. Maternal milk samples collected at month 1 and month 4 after birth were analysed for macronutrient classes, hormone, and fatty acid (FA) content. Phospholipids, acylcarnitines, and amino acids were measured in serum samples of 4-month old infants. Associations between milk components and infant metabolites were analysed with spearman correlation and linear mixed effect models (LME). P-values were corrected for multiple testing (PLME).
resultsMonth 1 milk protein content was strongly associated with infant serum lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC) 14:0 (PLME = 0.009). Month 1 milk insulin was associated to infant acetylcarnitine (PLME = 0.01). There were no associations between milk protein content and serum amino acids and milk total fat content and serum polar lipids. Middle- and odd-chain FA% in breast milk at both ages were significantly related to serum LPC and sphingomyelins (SM) species in infant serum (all PLME<0.05), while FA% 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 percentages were significantly associated to serum LPC 22:6 (PLME = 1.91×10-4/7.93×10-5) in milk only at month 4. Other polyunsaturated fatty acids and hormones in milk showed only weak associations with infant serum metabolites.
conclusionsInfant serum LPC are influenced by breast milk FA composition and, intriguingly, milk protein content in early but not late lactation. LPC 14:0, previously found positively associated with obesity risk, was the serum metabolite which was the most strongly associated to milk protein content. Thus, LPC 14:0 might be a key metabolite not only reflecting milk protein intake in infants, but also relating high protein content in milk or infant formula to childhood obesity risk.
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